Archetypes Of The Male And Female - 998 Words

Advertisments follow a blueprint that grabs viewer’s attention and places emphasis on archetypes of the male and/ or female. Which are then used to further a claim, while the archetype has nothing to do with the claim. To show this we will examine three advertisements and their Greco-roman archetypes, Athena, Prometheus, and Narissius. First we will look at a Carl’s Junior Advertisement featuring Ronda Rousey. The advertisement show’s Ronda Rousey an attractive female holding one of Carl’s Junior’s breakfast sandwiches. â€Å"With a sweet side.† In bold lettering. This significant because Ronda Rousey is the most dominant female UFC fighter in history. Rousey’s total cage time after 11 pro fights is 25 minutes and two seconds, an average of two minutes and 16 seconds per fight. She’s ended seven of her pro victories in less than one minute. The advertisement is suggesting that their sandwich has the same knockout power as Rouse y with a sweeter side. The advert is indirectly pulling on Ronda Rousey as an Athena Archetype to sway potential viewers, first a synapse of who Athena the Goddess was. Athena was regarded the goddess of wisdom, a symbol of purity, she was born without a mother she came out of the head of Zeus. Athena’s overall role as Goddess is that of a warrior and protector. Myth says she was born fully armed. Despite her role as a warrior she preferred wisdom over fight. Athena protected and helped Perseus in killing the Gordon Medusa, proving her role as aShow MoreRelatedSurviving Female Gender Roles1133 Words   |  5 PagesSurviving Female Gender Roles What defines being ‘feminine’ will vary with each culture, but two archetypes: passive homemaker and liberal feminist have existed for centuries as one will see in two Japanese stories written in the 17th century. In The Love Suicides at Amijima, readers see the social chains that bind a submissive woman to her societal duties. On the other hand, in Tales of Sensuous Women, readers are shown a complete opposite archetype where women find ways to circumvent the socialRead MoreThe Evolution Of Female Identity902 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of Female Identity Characterization through stereotyping female identity creates weak characters bound by gender expectations. The evolution of dimensional working-girl protagonists develops an unconventional female identity, which breaks the common tropes of a woman’s role in literature and society. Independent female archetypes often adopt masculine qualities to achieve status, earnest acceptance and independence in a man’s world. The heroine, Nancy Drew, promotes the corrosion ofRead MoreGender Inequality : The Case Of The American Superhero Film Industry1425 Words   |  6 PagesHanna Dorn SOC365-A FA17 Gender Inequality in the US: The Case of the American superhero film industry The American film industry creates gender inequality through its structural components and proliferates it through the generation of character archetypes that assimilate into social norms which appeal to a mass audience. This cycle of gender inequality is evident through the structural inequality of the industry, the reinforcement of stereotyped social norms, and the comparison of two recent AmericanRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesthese are called â€Å"archetypes†. As the above paragraph explains, archetypes descended from the collective unconscious and are known as ancient images or collective symbols. 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There is a completely uneven ratio of male to female characters. â€Å"Although females comprise 51% of the population, they are representedRead MoreBra Boys, A Brotherhood That No One971 Words   |  4 Pagesare there any femininity examples shown? This film, in which females are absent except for a stalwart grandmother, displays no actual females. The two that were displayed were not really significant in the film, for example the two little girls playing patty-cake as the Long Bay Correctional Complex lurks in the background. Also shown were the moms of some of the young boys that joined the Bra Boys. This whole film revolves around males and their masculinity of their community and lifestyle. EveryRead MoreEssay A Jungian Reading of Beowulf1622 Words   |  7 Pagesmythological, and poetic elements that make up the whole of Beowulf.   Jeffrey Helterman, in a 1968 essay, â€Å"Beowulf: The Archetype Enters History,† first recognized Grendel as a representation of the Shadow archetype and identified Grendel’s mother as an archetypal Anima image; I wish to extend the scope of the reading by suggesting that the dragon, too, represents an archetype: the archetype of the Self.   John Miles Foley, in his landmark 1977 essay â€Å"Beowulf and the Psychohistory of Anglo-Saxon CultureRead MoreWhen Life Imitates Art, The Result Is Often Something Drastic--Like1584 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as Feng Xiaogang’s Aftershock, takes note of societal norms of male and female gender norms and stereotypes. The family melodrama is about reevaluating the family form after a tragic earthquake tears it apart. The film explores gende red favortism, complexity of personality within the male-female gender binary, and female representations in Chinese cinema in a manner that either ultimately criticizes or disrespects the female and her place in society. What follows, is an analysis on how the filmRead MoreEssay on Sexism: Modern Day Society 1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe horror movie clichà © has a vast amount of stereotypical archetypes such as the dumb jock, the promiscuous female, the geek, and the innocent virgin. There are plenty of more archetypes that are on the protagonist side and as well as the antagonist side of the story. Of course in horror movies the antagonist archetype is the slow-walking, super-human and/or creature-like monster that usually wins a running race against their prey except is killed ultimately by the innocent virgin. There are moviesRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Collective Unconscious901 Words   |  4 Pagesnew concepts. Most importantly being the archetype. Archetypes constitut e the structure of the collective unconscious, which are the psychic innate dispositions to experience and represent the basic human behavior and situations. For example, Mother and child relationship which is mainly governed by the mother archetype. The Father and child relationship is mainly governed by the Father archetype. Birth, death, power and failure are controlled by archetypes. Villa 2 The religious and mystique experiences

Decision Making For The Success Of The Organization

Decision-making in management is essential to the success of the organization. Decision-making in one s personal life is just as essential. In making decisions it is important for a person to be aware of different decision-making techniques, tools and approaches. In this paper I will explore two different tools of decision-making as applied to a decision that I need to make and I will also identify possible solutions to my decision. Lastly, I will compare the results of my two different techniques and explain which tool I feel will be more effective in making a decision. The two different decision making tools that I will review are the rational decision-making model and the Decision Tree tool. Rational Decision-Making A decision that I need to make is in regard to whether or not to allow my mother who has terminal cancer to continue to stay with me and receive care or, per her request, to allow her to go back home where her siblings and family are. I chose this particular model because different alternatives can be gathered through a network of resources that are currently in use and the decision is extremely important. In this particular process I will be considering the six steps of the rational decision making process as outlined by Bazerman, M., Moore, D. (2013). Through this process I will seek to maximize my outcome so that the best available care for my given situation can take place. Identify the Problem or Opportunity The first step that I need to follow inShow MoreRelatedNascar Case Study923 Words   |  4 PagesCase study on NASCAR 1. How do you think good decision making has contributed to the success of NASCAR? Ans. Almost every company wants success. To have a successful company, we need to know about the decision making process, and how, and when it works. According to the text, â€Å"Decision-making process is a set of eight steps that include identifying a problem, selecting an alternative, and evaluating the decision’s effectiveness.† Not only does a manager need to know this term but they also needRead MoreParticipative Leadership : Strengths And Weaknesses Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesParticipative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses The simple act of making decisions is an essential task leaders must perform effectively to succeed. Behavioral theories of leadership focus on how leaders approach a situation and whether they dictate orders or involve others to encourage support. Research into decision-making behavior has identified three broad categories of leaders: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. This paper will focus on these behavioral theories of leadership, primarilyRead MoreLeadership Styles Of A Fast Food Shop Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is a study of the different leadership styles adopted by leaders in organizations, and further determines whether the styles identified are effective or ineffective in terms of realizing failure or success for the organization. In essence, effective leadership should establish and retain belief, mission and vision commutation in the workplace in order to realize optimal performance and subsequent organizational success from the workforce. thus, the pape r assumes that an effective leadershipRead MoreLeadership Style And Its Impact On The Employees Work Life Balance And Company Production1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthe followers† (MindTools.com). Authoritarian leaders are seen as experts in the organization and, therefore, take the responsibility of identifying organizational goals and a strategic path to success. They provide the followers with clear expectations of what needs to be accomplished, when it should be done and how it should be done (Wagner, 2007). Authoritarian leaders are task-oriented. They tend to make decisions independently, seeking little or no input from their followers (Lewin, Llippit Read MoreParticipative Leadership1582 Words   |  7 PagesParticipative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses The simple act of making decisions is an essential task leaders must perform effectively to succeed. Behavioral theories of leadership focus on how leaders approach a situation and whether they dictate orders or involve others to encourage support. Research into decision-making behavior has identified three broad categories of leaders: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire (Changing Minds, 2011). This paper will focus on these behavioral theoriesRead MoreNascar Case Study937 Words   |  4 PagesCase study on NASCAR 1. How do you think good decision making has contributed to the success of NASCAR? Ans. Almost every company wants success. To have a successful company, we need to know about the decision making process, and how, and when it works. According to the text, â€Å"Decision-making process is a set of eight steps that include identifying a problem, selecting an alternative, and evaluating the decision’s effectiveness.† Not only does a manager need to know this term but they also needRead MoreStrategy And Company Ethics For Success904 Words   |  4 Pagescompany ethics for success. Vision is key in management and strategic plan in all businesses including the school system. (Ghavier, Afsari, Siraj, Razak, 2013) The organization with vision driven strategy, policies, and procedures will enhance the company’s performance and will help in the change process (Ghavier et al, 2013). Benson (2015) stated that with accessibility of information, there is a need to share knowledge within businesses to create a sense of team work. Organizations coming up wit hRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Business Sector1201 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology (IT) is greatly changing the business sector in the present time. Although companies cultures and organization strategies shape the use of IT in businesses, most likely the influence is greater the other way round. IT has affected strategic options significantly and has created opportunities and issues which administrations need to address in different aspects of their organizations. The three categories which consist of run, grow and transform have been used to organize and balance IT activitiesRead MoreLeadership And Management At Texas Tech Athletics988 Words   |  4 Pagesthat a leader understand his employees and how certain leadership styles will work more or less effectively on that particular person. Leaders influence people to work to achieve the organizations objectives, so it is vital that a leader has vision for the organization so they can effectively steer the organization down that path. As an employee for Texas Tech Athletics, I have the privilege of working under great leaders while I attend school. By playing sports for my whole life, and with my variousRead MoreStrategic Planning : Mission Statement And Goals901 Words   |  4 PagesProcess The purpose of strategic planning is to help position the organization to achieve a larger competitive fit in its environment in order to accomplish its goals (Plunkett, Allen, Attner, 2013). A strategic plan looks at everything an organization could accomplish and confines it to the things it is essentially good at doing and assists in deciding where to spend time, human capital, and money. There are several steps organizations should follow in the strategic planning process. The strategic

China And Taiwan Essay Research Paper China free essay sample

China And Taiwan Essay, Research Paper China has ever been a really interesting state while sing the United States Epolitical and economic position. China, being a state of over 1.4 billion ( about + of the universe ) has remained a world power among states due to its tremendous land mass, and population. Its tremendous size has besides allowed it to exercise its power over other states, such as Hong Kong, Tibet, and Taiwan. Its communist manner of leading has created an Fe drape over its shores, leting it virtually no contact with other states, particularly the mostly democratic United States. One must inquire the inquiry of whether China has the power, and justification to try a return over of Taiwan, an island state E of the lower China. And if so, would it be able to sing the economic of import of Taiwan to numerous other states in the universe, which includes the United States? Taiwan s beginnings can be traced back to the mid 20th century. Due to a Communist coup detat of the mainland of China in 1949, Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek transplanted his authorities to Taiwan # 8217 ; s capital, Taipei. Chiang # 8217 ; s Nationalist Party, known as the Kuomintang, or KMT, continued to take a firm stand it s Republic of China Ewas the legitimate authorities of all of China, which in revenge, went under the pretense of The People s Republic of China E The United States, due to the Cold War of the 50 s, took an inflexible attitude towards communist states, and refused to acknowledge chief land China as the existent China, alternatively choosing to acknowledge Taiwan as the official state, until Taiwan was covering a major blow in the early 70 s when the United Nations stripped them of their place, and gave it to chief land China. Nationalist China lost its place in the UN due to a 1972 to China by President Nixon, who was receptive to a visit by a U.S. president because of a relationship with Russia that soured due to Russia s failure to portion atomic information. Taiwan was in universe intelligence once more due to recent elections they were holding being overshadowed by the Chinese authorities s proving of ballistic missiles off the Taiwanese seashore, although that menace to Taiwan drew a strong reaction from the United States, which deployed two aircraft-carrier conflict groups near Taiwan. Should China try to take over Taiwan? Three chief factors China should maintain in consideration are the human loss deductions of any return over effort of the autonomous state of Taiwan, the economic benefits reaped against the economic costs of a return over of an full state, every bit good as how Chinese foreign policy dealingss with other states would change after an attempte vitamin Ds take over. Human loss branchings include losingss that would ensue of a war with Taiwan. Is China certain it could take over Taiwan? If so, how much of its ground forces would it lose? Is it truly ready to give its resources to a war over Taiwan? A war against Taiwan is non merely a war against Taiwan ; it is a war against Taiwan along with the states that Taiwan has strong economic ties to, which include ( in falling order of export size, get downing with the largest ) the United States, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and Germany. Taiwan is an economic human dynamo in Asia. With a reeling economic system that focuses on machinery, electronics, and electronic equipment ( 46.3 % of Taiwan s exports, really ) , Taiwan enjoyed a GDP of 283 billion US dollars in 1997. Paired with a GDP growing rate of 5.7 % , and an rising prices rate of 1.1 % , Taiwan would do a fantastic add-on to China s list of territitoires that include Hong Kong and Tibet. Taiwan besides maintains a fantastic relationship with the United States by exporting 20 nine billion dollars deserving of goods to them while importing twenty two million dollars deserving of goods. In a universe with a turning dependance on electronics and computing machines, China would be fit to annex Taiwan and its huge supplies of information making machines. Foreign policy plays a function in whether China should take over Taiwan. Is it truly smart to assail a state that supplies the United States, amongst other states, with computing machines and electronics? The United States has a policy of protecting its foreign involvements. With Taiwan being such a major provider of merchandises critical to the U.S. economic system, the Chinese should non anticipate the U.S. to stand by while a communist state they have strained relationships with onslaughts them. China has ever remained an independent state, would they be prepared to possibly be ostracized from the United Nations, who besides receive electronics from Taiwan? China could possibly confront a individual state, possibly two, but could it confront the full United Nations, who would contend to protect domestic involvements, every bit good as human rights causes for Taiwan? In my sentiment, China should non try a return over of Taiwan. Besides the ethical branchings of taking something that is non theirs, China might non even have the existent capacity to try a return over of Taiwan. Numerous states would eschew China for its policy of a manifest fate ; possibly even some would help in Taiwan s defence to protect their involvements. China could non defy an full collective of states, it would be merely excessively much. It would be in China s best involvements to remain to themselves, and leave Taiwan entirely.

Information to Those Who Would Remove to America free essay sample

It was printed out as a pamphlet for people in Europe to clarify the endless rumors about America being the and of dreams and fantasy. He clearly states whats needed and wanted in America, and whats not welcomed there. The essay also shows us how American culture is portrayed and what they hold highly as opposed to what Europe sees. There were four main rumors that basically struck a chord within Franklin; to the point where he thought enough Is enough, these false accusations must come to an end, this is where this informative essay came into play. 1. Inhabitants of North- America are rich, capable or rewarding, and disposed to reward all sorts of Ingenuity; hat they are at the same time ignorant of all the Sciences; One of the rumors spreading around Europe was that Americans were very rich, wealthy and possessed many materialistic goods; while at the same time they were ignorant. We will write a custom essay sample on Information to Those Who Would Remove to America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That was false, later on we can see that Franklin mentions that America has nine colleges or spread throughout the country, as opposed to Englands four colleges in New England. 2. Consequently that strangers possessing Talents in the Belles-Letters, fine Arts, etc. Must be highly esteemed, and so well paid as to come easily rich themselves; The second rumor was to acknowledge that America didnt need artists and people who wrote literature, and that if they do move over they wouldnt be held up on a pedestal. We can see that Franklin Is stressing the fact that they need people who can work and that can be an asset to society, and an emphasis on how aesthetic beauty isnt part of their culture; but practicality is. 3. Strangers of Birth must be greatly respected, and of course easily obtain the best of those Offices and Of civilOffices or Employments there are few; no superfluous Ones as in Europe; The third rumor was to put to rest, the fact that you were born into nobility, doesnt mea n well hire you to work in our government. Also, there were so many offices In America to be filled this was false. In a way, Franklin was almost mocking the Europeans on how they have so many people doing useless things, and not Just have a few good men doing the countrys job. 4. But give land gratis to Strangers, with Negroes to work for them, Utensils of Husbandry, Stocks of Cattle.Finally, many people in Europe believed that if you were to move to America, the government will give you land, free transportation from Europe to America, Negroes that will work for you, and farming needs such as tools and livestock. It was a firm from the Puritans. People who migrated there had to work hard, it wasnt a red carpet waiting for you there; but a clean slate where you can start from scratch and build your own dreams and aspirations. From reading Ben Franklins essay, it tells us a lot about who he was, and how America was at the time.He felt that it was needed to refute the rumors and give evidences about everything he wrote about. They also had different terminologies and ideals from people in Europe. For instance, at the time when you say rich in America, it didnt mean you were dressed in the finest suits, Jewelry, and drank fine wine but it meant that you were well off and comfortable. Be it if you were a blacksmith, politician or a teacher. Also from the cultural perspective, we see that Americans valued hard work, practicality and usefulness.What can be a masterpiece in Europe could Just be redwood in America, such as a painting or a mural done by an artist. All in all, Benjamin Franklin stated what every person in Europe wanted to know and put those shady rumors to rest. He mentioned who is welcome in America and who isnt, he stressed the fact that a man is revered for not who he is, but what he can do, by also using God as an example and saying that he like a mechanic. We should revere the people who are useful; be it a farmer, blacksmith, carpenter, and so on, because they are the backbone of our societies.

Free Essays on Natural Depravity

Natural Depravity Nathaniel Hawthorne uses natural depravity in quite a few of his short stories. Natural depravity is the belief that man is born with some evil in him regardless of whom Hawthorne may be talking about. This is shown very well through Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story Young Goodman Brown. Natural depravity is easily shown through Hawthorne’s short story Young Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown goes on a journey through the forest with the devil. Goodman Brown in having second thoughts on this journey because he is feeling as though he is bringing down his family name by going with the devil. The devil reassures him that this is act is not going to bring his family name down by saying to him â€Å"†¦I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed that Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem, and it was I who brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philip’s War†. This quotation explained to Young Goodman Brown that his family name is not as good as he thought it was. The quotation shows natural depravity in that it through explaining to Goodman Brown how his family name is already tarnished. Nathaniel Hawthorne believed strongly in the concept of natural depravity. He thought that every man was born with some evil in them. This is very well shown through the story, Young Goodman Brown.... Free Essays on Natural Depravity Free Essays on Natural Depravity Natural Depravity Nathaniel Hawthorne uses natural depravity in quite a few of his short stories. Natural depravity is the belief that man is born with some evil in him regardless of whom Hawthorne may be talking about. This is shown very well through Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story Young Goodman Brown. Natural depravity is easily shown through Hawthorne’s short story Young Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown goes on a journey through the forest with the devil. Goodman Brown in having second thoughts on this journey because he is feeling as though he is bringing down his family name by going with the devil. The devil reassures him that this is act is not going to bring his family name down by saying to him â€Å"†¦I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed that Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem, and it was I who brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philip’s War†. This quotation explained to Young Goodman Brown that his family name is not as good as he thought it was. The quotation shows natural depravity in that it through explaining to Goodman Brown how his family name is already tarnished. Nathaniel Hawthorne believed strongly in the concept of natural depravity. He thought that every man was born with some evil in them. This is very well shown through the story, Young Goodman Brown....

Essay Darrow Aluminum

Essay Darrow Aluminum Essay Darrow Aluminum Size-Up and Key Factors Macroeconomic and Industry Conditions The bond yield curve supports the belief that the US economy is expected to grow in the near term (yields are increasing over time). The aluminum industry is mature in North America, although growth is not expected to decline. The aluminum industry does not appear to have significant barriers to entry. Aluminum products appear to be commoditized, ie there is no easy way of differentiating based on product attributes and hence companies in this industry likely have to compete on price. Export markets, specifically emerging markets, represent a source of growing demand for aluminum products. This is an attractive opportunity for firms in the industry, representing both a potential source of revenue growth as well as diversification and risk mitigation. However, this is not entirely risk-free, as it would expose firms to more complicated operational challenges as well as currency risk. There are also considerations surrounding ease of entry and domestic competition within emerging markets – Darrow LPC has no significant presence in emerging markets and may not be able to price competitively with domestic producers of similar products on account of its exclusively (higher-cost – unionized workforce etc.) North American operations. Borrowing costs for firms are rising. The prime rate is on the rise, lending options for smaller companies are limited – large banks have no interest in financing small-scale deals - and the required rate of return from venture capital is fairly high at ~25% and would entail the imposition of covenants. Aluminum demand is still largely driven by demand within the United States and other Western countries, but growth is expected in developing economies. Continued demand for Aluminum LPC products in the United States, expected to be at around 2%, combined with even greater emerging market demand, indicate that demand for LPC products will continue to grow in the near-term. Aluminum foil packaging products, the LPC Division’s primary product in terms of revenues at present, is considered a major source of growth and profit potential. Secondary aluminum markets are on the rise due to lower cost, convenience and growing customer acceptance. This could represent a significant threat to operating margins should the growth of secondary markets place downward pressure on the price for aluminum products. The price of aluminum is volatile, fluctuating between $1100 and $1325 per tonne in just a two-year span. Further, the price of aluminum is expected to rise to $1600 by 1996. This could raise input costs significantly, hurting margins and creating the potential of increased competition from substitute products manufactured from a different material should the price of aluminum make other substitutes more attractive or less costly. Internal Considerations Darrow LPC is largely reliant on supplying foil to the tobacco industry, which accounts for 67% of their sales. Moreover its contract with Feldman, its largest customer, does not specify a minimum volume to be supplied. This is a significant risk as the tobacco industry would generally be considered an industry in decline in the United States at this time. Darrow’s aluminum and steel cable wrap products, although accounting for a much smaller percentage of revenue than foil packaging at this time, are experiencing rapid growth. Insulation wrap demand would be subject to cyclicality due to its association with residential construction. This isn’t a concern in the short-term given anticipated economic growth in the US and abroad, but could face sharp decline should that not prove to be the case. Darrow LPC has a young and capable management team and experienced executives in Dillon and Bennet. Darrow LPC has a unionized workforce. Although labour relations are generally considered good, this suggests a higher cost structure than could be achieved by

Behaviorally based expectations for responsible student behavior Essay

Behaviorally based expectations for responsible student behavior outside the classroom, directly supervised by a teacher - Essay Example 1.) Use of learning centers/or computer stations a.) Students will follow instructions. – Students will be able to use the learning center/computer station effectively, in orderly manner. b.) Students will leave my place clean. – This will help students maintain the computer stations/learning center. c.) Students will ask assistance when needed. – This will allow students use the learning center/computer station with ease. Implementation of A: A note of instruction and proper use of the leaning center/computer stations is visibly posted in the room. 2.) Student attention/participation during teacher led activities a.) Students will be resilient. – Student will develop the sense of flexibility in every situation in the activities. b.) Students will be respectful. – Being courteous, students will gain respect in return from their peers. c.) Students will know how and when to assert oneself. – This will allow an organized activity, without disorder. Implementation of C: Students are required to raise their hands and wait for teacher’s selection. 3.) Playground time and /or recess a.) Students will be an active participant. – This gives an opportunity for students to show their abilities.

Who are the decision makers in the European Union Essay

Who are the decision makers in the European Union - Essay Example The spirit behind formation of the trading block was that countries with high trade interdependence had higher chances of being peaceful. The goal was to establish peace, stability and prosperity among member countries for improved living standards (Europa, 2013). Since its formation, the trade block has undergone significant changes from an economic trade block to a political organization overseeing policy issues affecting economic, political and environmental issues in the region and beyond. Some of the noticeable transformations the EU has undergone include change from European Economic Community to European Union - EU in 1993. Currently, the membership has increased to 27 members drawn from the Euro zone. Most significant of all these changes is the level of development in decision making in matters pertinent to the region and global trade. Decision making has been strengthened by strict adherence to the rule of law, Constitution for Europe, treaties and establishment of strong d ecision making institutions. Some of the key decision making institutions within the EU are; The European Commission, The European Parliament, European Central Bank (ECB), European Council, The Council of European Union, Presidency of EU council among other bodies (Europa, 2013). Mungersdorff (2009) noted that the co-decision procedure is often a rule other than an exception where the European Commission, the European Parliament, The Council of EU and ECB are key decision making institutions of the EU. This paper primarily focus the main decision making organs of the EU and the politics behind that tend to strengthen the trade block in its quest to achieve its vision and mission. The analysis covers the country and regional levels of influence in the decision making process. Subsequent sections of this paper discuss the decision makers in economic, political, social, environmental and arbitration issues affecting the trade block. Decision making in EU is spread across several bodies mandated to oversee specialized functions and operations in harmionising and facilitating operations in the world’s most effective trading block. The paper operates each of the EU bodies mandated to oversee trade, legal, political, justice among other aspects in the trading block and how these bodies work alongside others to support EU in all its functions. Objectives of the European Union The main objectives of the European Union are â€Å"to promote peace, the Union’s values and well-being of its peoples (Europa, 2013).† They are explained in detailed in Article 1 – 3 of the Constitutional Treaty, which outlines both the internal and external objectives of the Union. Decision Making Institutions in EU The Constitutional Treaty of the EU provides a multi-level decision making process where different institutions are involved. Actors in these organizations are drawn from the region as well as from persons from member countries. The decision making struct ures exhibit a high level of interdependence where intra and cross-institutional alliances, as opposed to long-term coalitions is pronounced (Cini and Borragan, 2010; Mongersdorff, 2009; Thomson, Boerefijn and Stokman, 2004). Key decision making EU bodies include; The European Commission, The European Parliament, The European Council, European Central Bank (ECB), European Investment Bank, Council of European Union, EU Court of Justice and the EU presidency. The institutions work closely with other bodies and organizations of the EU including the European Ombudsman, European Court of Auditors, European External Action Service, European Economic and Social Committee,

Humanities Today - Define humanities and give current examples Essay Example for Free

Humanities Today Define humanities and give current examples Essay The Encyclopedia Britannica (2006) defines the humanities as Branches of knowledge that investigate human beings, their culture, and their self-expression. (Humanities). Those branches of knowledge include philosophy, literature, languages, the arts, religion and history. The humanities examine the human condition by studying the elements of culture that describe what is or was valued and considered important at a particular point in time. 15th century Italian humanists referred to the humanities as studia humanitas which means the studies of humanity, indicating secular literary and scholarly activities (in grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, moral philosophy, and ancient Greek and Latin studies) that that they thought to be more humane and classical rather than divine (Humanities, 2006). In contrast, the physical sciences tend to examine the world and its phenomena objectively, without reference to or consideration of human meaning and purpose, a key aspect of the humanities. Scholars further argue that the humanities are distinguished from other modes of study by either their subject mater and by the method of investigation used. One philosopher called the humanities the spiritual sciences and the human sciences (Humanities, 2006). He described them as areas of knowledge outside of the physical sciences. On the other hand, another turn-of-the-century philosopher instead characterized the humanities according to their method of study. He argued that the humanities do not seek or follow general laws, as the sciences do; and that they focus on values within human and cultural contexts, which is directly contrary to scientific methodologies. As described above, the humanities seek to understand the values of a people and their perceptions based on their direct expression through the arts, their language, and philosophies. Science is motivated by the desire to understand natural phenomena and dependent on empirical observation (Talk: Humanities, 2006). The 21st century brings a variety of social, economic, and technological changes. Following is a demonstration of the humanities in the 21st century through the examination of its art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature. Art Is modern art in crisis? A new philosophical criticism emerged in the person of American critic Arthur Danto, who came out with the idea that the objects [of art] approach zero as their theory approaches infinitythat is, art really is over, having become transmuted into philosophy (Art Criticism, 2006). In his book The End of Art, author Donald Kuspit (2005) suggests that, Art has been replaced by postart, [ ] as a new visual category that elevates the banal over the enigmatic, the scatological over the sacred, cleverness over creativity. Contemporary art, or art that is done now, is largely characterized by its indefinability. It tends to include art made from the late 1960s to the present, or after the supposed or putative end of modern art or the Modernist period (Contemporary Art, 2006). Todays art, like most of the humanities, has been transformed by technological, economical, and sociological advancements. It may or may not use traditional forms such as painting or drawing, and often includes the use of any variety of materials, video, or even performance as a part of it. One trend seems to be a focus on world issues such as cloning, the price of oil, gender and sexuality, human rights, and war. A representative example is one of the most talked-about sales in the contemporary market. Maurizio Cattelans The Ballad of Trotsky (1996), a stuffed horse hanging in a leather sling from the ceiling, sold for $2,080,000 in 2005 (Art and Exhibitions, 2006). Music Contemporary music has also been greatly influenced by 21st century globalism. It has seen a development and acceptance of world music, or music that features or originates in a different culture. American artists such as Paul Simon and Sting featured musicians and singers from other countries and went on to win Grammys and American Music Awards. Simons Grammy Award-winning album Graceland (1986) featured black South African Musicians who controversially recorded and toured with him despite a widespread trade boycott of South Africa, selling more than five million copies since its release (World Music, 2006). Sting featured Farhat Bouallagui on his Brand New Day aIbum and Vicente Amigo and Anoushka Shankar on his Scared Love album. In the wake of their success, record stores became more willing to stock music of their kind. Architecture Critics have described one trend in 21st century architecture as deconstructivist architecture. In popular usage, the term has come to mean a critical dismantling of tradition and traditional modes of thought (Deconstruction, 2006). Technology has played a significant role in the development of deconstuctivist architectural methodologies. Architects such as Frank Gehry, who designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain used computer modeling to develop its angular, anthropomorphic exterior. Made mostly of titanium, the museum was designed to represent the industrial heritage of the citys past. The museum was an international success and helped put Bilbao on the worlds cultural map. Philosophy A notable philosophy of the 21st century is that of the democratic community. Community in this case is defined globally. Philosophers such as American John Dewey believed in social planning, in conscious intelligent intervention to produce desirable social change; and he proposed a new guide to enlightened public action to promote the aims of a democratic community (Philosophy, 2006). Deweys writings and teachings have brought modern society to a place where it considers that it is only as strong as its individual members and their willingness to work together to evolve and to meet the challenges facing it. Technological advancements in travel and communication alone have created a new world where anyone can send anything just about anywhere in a matter of minutes, days, or hours including explosives and disease. In addition to diseases like HIV and the Bird Flu, this world community is faced with issues of severe weather such as killer tsunamis and hurricanes, and world terrorism. Modern philosophies like that of Dewey support the more pragmatic view and approach to solutions to societal issues of this type as the only way to successfully meet them is as a community. Literature Like many of the arts in contemporary society, literature is plagued by commercialism and by the desire for a quick paycheck. Contemporary literature features a great deal of writings about true events the more sensational and graphic the better. In addition, it features a trend in crime study and investigation, beyond that of the mystery and private eye novels of the past. Todays novels get into the science and methodology of solving violent crimes. Authors like James Patterson, Sue Grafton and John Grisham have enjoyed great popularity. Their success can be attributed to many things. The content and subject matter of these authors works feeds societys desensitization to extreme violence and its increasing demand for subject matter that is more violent and more shocking in order to be more compelling. Further, several of these authors stories have been made into movies. The humanities are distinguished by their examination of the aspects of culture and the human condition through the eyes of the humans who experience and create them. The approach to their study differs from that of others areas of study, as does their focus on the reflection on human meaning and purpose. 21st century humanities continue to reinforce the idea that current culture and the human condition is reflected in them, no matter what century. References: Art Criticism. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-236417 Art and Art Exhibitions. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-234830 Contemporary Art. (2006). Retrieved June 3, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contemporary_art Deconstruction. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9029711 Humanities. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9041479 Kuspit, D. (2005). The End of Art. Cambridge University Press. Marcel Duchamp. (2006). Retrived June 3, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp Philosophy, History of. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-8876 Talk: Humanities, (2006). Retrieved June 4, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Talk:Humanities World Music. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-93180.

The San Jose Tech Museum of Innovation :: Technology Tourism Galleries Essays

The San Jose Tech Museum of Innovation Living in the heart of Silicon Valley, technology plays a very important role in the everyday lives of the people who populate it. Large portions of this population are children. When we think of our children, we think about the future of this world. As a group, we believe that our job as a society is to introduce technology to children in an enlightening and fascinating manner. By doing this, we can inspire children to become innovators of technology and apply this to the future of technology. The San Jose Tech Museum of Innovation is a place that dedicates itself to introducing technology in a very attractive style. The 132,000 square foot facility houses four permanent themed galleries and over 250 exhibits (www.thetech.org/about/factsheet.cfm). The museum is also home to "The Spirit of American Innovation, an exhibit about the National Medal of Technology, the nation’s highest honor for technological innovation" (www.thetech.org/about/factsheet.cfm). Inside, everyone, whet her they are children or grandparents, everyone gets to participate in hands-on activities that teach and introduce them to a variety of activities ranging from the beginning steps of web-design, riding and designing an Olympic bobsled to participating in a virtual heart surgery. With all the wonders that exist in this museum, children have the opportunity to learn about technology in a variety of different forms and are able to "discover new insights into technology and the process of innovation through exploratory activities" (www.thetech.org/about/mission.cfm.). People of all ages engage in the exploration and experimentation of the technology that affects their everyday lives. Exploring the Tech Museum of Innovation and the activities it presents and offers to children, as well as others, helped us to better understand and learn of the positive ways in which technology is presented to our youth. In this report we first discuss our rationale and focus, describing the importance of the Tech Museum of Innovation and the connection it makes with the representation of technology, particularly for children. In the second part we identify the research question that we investigated. We then illustrate how we gathered and analyzed our data. Following this, we apply a number of course concepts to specific examples in order to answer our research question. Finally, we discuss how the implications of our analysis relate to communication and technology and how our findings support or do support what we have looked at in class.

Harriet Ann Jacobs Essay

In the autobiography, â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, it tells the story of a female slave named Harriet Ann Jacobs. Losing her mother and father at such a young age, she experienced firsthand the account of a slave life. She deliberates in great detail the humiliation, sacrifice, and struggle specific to female slaves of the late nineteenth century. Though she understood the risks involved in publishing an account of her life, she moved forward with the idea and published her story under the pseudonym Linda Brent. Harriet Jacobs was born into slavery in 1813 in Edenton, North Carolina to Delilah and Elijah. While growing up she enjoyed a relatively cheerful life until she was six years old when her parents died. After the death of her parents, Harriet and her younger brother John were left to be raised by their grandmother, Molly Horniblow. Molly was an older woman who was well respected in the slave community, as well as by the slave owners. She was never mistreated, and she frequently baked goods for the people in her community. Harriet Jacobs gained the knowledge for all of her educational essentials from her first mistress, Margaret Horniblow. She taught Harriet how to read, write, and sew which gave her advantage over the rest of the slaves. It also would attract some unwanted attention. Margaret would later on will Harriet to her twelve year old niece whose father would subject Harriet to aggressive and unrelenting sexual harassment. Dr. Flint sexually harassed and physically abused the teenaged Harriet for as long as she was a servant in his household. Afraid that one day Dr. Flint would make his antics reality, she began to have an affair with a prominent white lawyer named Samuel Tredwell, whom she later on beared two children for. Instead of discouraging Flint, she enraged him. He then sent Harriet away to a life of hard labor on a plantation he owned, threatening to break in her young children as field hands, seeing that they legally belonged to him. She soon ran away from the plantation and spent seven years hiding in a tiny attic crawl space in her grandmother’s house. During those seven years she put to use the skills that her first mistress had taught her, and watched over her children through a small chink in the roof. Being cramped in the attic for so long, left her permanently physically disabled. In 1842, Harriet was finally able to escape to the north, and found work as a nanny in the household of a prominent abolitionist writer, Nathaniel Parker Willis. She later on is reunited with her children in New York, and farther down the line her employer purchases her freedom from Dr. Flint. While reading this autobiography you acquire a feeling that is very unusual. Most slaves that you hear about usually have harsh lives and are extremely unhappy, but in this particular case it was the complete opposite. Harriet’s life wasn’t hard not one bit. She was never mistreated because her father’s mistress found her to be very appealing, and she didn’t have to do any hard labor. But, she also wasn’t allowed her freedom which is what she anxiously longed for. That particular entity is what places everything into perspective. At the end of the day whether she liked it or not, she was still a slave. She could not walk away from her situation, she could not undertake everything that she wanted to do, and she definitely could not enjoy her life to the fullest because she belonged to someone, and that someone was a jealous, aggressive man named Dr. Flint. Harriet Jacobs insisted on telling her story honestly and completely, determined to make white Americans aware of the sexual victimization that slave women commonly faced and to dramatize the fact that they often had no choice but to surrender their virtue. Jacobs knew that her contemporaries would see her not as a virtuous woman but as a fallen one, yet she published the story anyway. She wanted to bring light to a situation that slave women faced every day. She was an incredibly strong woman for doing so, and by directly confronting the cruel realities that plagued African American women in the late nineteenth century, Harriet’s work occupies a significant place in African American literary tradition.

“Only the Lover Sings” by Josef Pieper Essay

â€Å"Thoughts about Music†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦music prompts the philosopher’s continued interest because it is by nature so close to the fundamentals of human existence† (Pieper 39). In the section, â€Å"Thoughts about Music,† from Josef Pieper’s Only the Lover Sings: Art and Contemplation, discusses music and the intriguing question, â€Å"What do we perceive when we listen to music?† (40). Pieper answers this question by quoting Schopenhauer, who claimed music, â€Å"does not speak of things but tells of weal and woe† (42). This makes sense because it relates to â€Å"man’s good,† and our yearning for perfect happiness. When listening to music certain emotions surface, as Plato stated, â€Å"Music imitates the impulses of the soul† (Pieper 45). Thus, to truly understand what we perceive when we listen to music, one must understand what is being expressed, and not simply â€Å"listen.† For many, music can be an â€Å"out of body experience,† something that truly reveal’s man and his meaning in life. Some may argue that music is simply â€Å"†¦a means of personal enchantment, of escapism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pieper 50). How one views and interprets music truly reveals one’s character, because, â€Å"music lays bare man’s inner existential condition,† (Pieper 50). In addition, Pieper continues to answer the question of what we perceive when we listen to music, by quoting other philosophers and the ideas of Western philosophical traditions. â€Å"To repeat: thus has the nature of music variously been understood in the Western philosophical tradition- as nonverbal articulation of weal and woe; as wordless expression of man’s intrinsic dynamism of self-realization, a process understood as man’s journey toward ethical personhood, as the manifestation of man’s will in all aspects, as love. This, for instance, is the meaning of Plato’s statement that ‘music imitates the impulses of the soul’, or as Aristotle puts it: music is similar to ethics and related to it. The same tradition continues in remarks by Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche when they say that music ‘invariably is the expression of an immediacy as no interfering medium is involved’; or (Schopenhauer) that of all the arts it is music that represents the will itself; or (Nietzsche in his interpretation of Wagner) that music lets us hear â€Å"nature transformed into love†Ã¢â‚¬  (Pieper 44-45). The philosophy of music is something that can be interpreted differently by all. Pieper uses sufficient evidence to support the claim that music does in fact play an important role in man’s true character and how he views his life, and ultimately his existence. Reference: Only the Lover Sings: Art and Contemplation by Josef Pieper

From Acres of Diamonds essays

From Acres of Diamonds essays In Russell H. Conwells essay, From Acres of Diamonds, he talks about money being the root of everyones purpose to live. In order to support and argue Conwells ideas the principles from the proverbs on money can be looked at. Money is something that is generally accepted as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, wealth reckoned in terms of money, or a means of payment (according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. Money makes the world go round and ever person needs money in order to survive. In a short list of lessons, summarized by Greg Herrick, Ph.D. on the proverbs and the idea of money, there are eleven principles which the Bible states in relation to money. One quote taken from the bible is, Righteous people can have great riches that involve no trouble. The truer a person is the more money he can account because nothing is holding him back. The more honest a person is the more people trust that person and want to work under that person, which makes the honest man a rich and wealthy man. As Conwell states, The men who get rich may be the most honest men you find in the community. Both the Bible and Conwell state that money is at the reach of each and every person but never let that money become your love because The love of money is the root of all evil. Money does make people wealthy when it comes to materialistic items, which brings about power. Never take that money and become greedy for ones own well-being. Greed is one of the seven sins in the Bible; this always leads to problems for that greedy person in the end. As stated in the Bible, Do not charge exorbitant interest; justice will prevail. If a person worships money that person will end up with less friends, more family problems, and etc. Money can be a good or bad thing in ones life depending on what aspect a person looks at money. As Conwell argues, The man that wor...

News paper style article about strange happenings in an Italian village.

News paper style article about strange happenings in an Italian village. The gate at the entrance to Canneto Di Caronia, Italy has come off its hinges and swings in the wind as cats wander into homes abandoned after a series of mystery fires.Canneto di Caronia has been taken over by an endless flow of scientists, engineers, police and even a few "ghostbusters" searching for clues to the recent spontaneous combustion of everything from microwave ovens to a car. The fires started in mid-January and have claimed home appliances and fuse boxes in about half of the 20 odd houses. After a brief respite last month, the flames have flared up again almost daily even though electricity to the village was cut off long ago."We're working in the dark. We don't have a single lead so far," said Pedro Spinnato, mayor of the trio of Caronia towns. "Every time some new scientist comes to town they arrive thinking the whole thing has been invented or that they're going to solve the mystery in two minutes.Panorama di CaroniaThey've all been wrong."The 39 inhabitants of the t own halfway between Palermo and Messina were evacuated after the regional government declared a state of emergency in Canneto, which occupies a single street nestled between a railway line and the sea. "I've seen an air conditioner burst into flames and burn down in 30 seconds. These are not normal events, but I think we're going to have to start looking for a different kind of help," said Antonio Pezzino, whose house was first hit.From the start, Gabriele Amorth, one of the Catholic Church's top exorcists suspected the devil was at work. "I've seen things like this before," he told Il Messaggero daily. "Demons occupy a house and appear in electrical goods," he said urging the parish priest to take action. The local priest, Don...

Health Care Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Care Ethics - Essay Example Relativism has taken root in the current world society in the sense that an individual is free to commit a wrong deed and easily get away with it. This is as long as he or she can justify his/her actions (Hinderer, chap. 4). A typical example of this scenario is social tolerance towards acts that were strongly condemned in the past. Incidences of social tolerance include homosexuality, the lenient judicial system, pornography, adultery and even fornication. Ethical relativism on the other hand refutes the existence of moral absolutes. It dictates neither morally wrong nor morally right deeds do exist. This theory finds it easier to link the right and wrong deeds to social norms. According to Hinderer (Chapter 4), relativism does not qualify as a basis of professional practice and as an ethical theory. Ethical relativism undermines the influence of morality as a unifying factor in the society. Ethical relativism does not hold the account of an absolute right or wrong. A right or a wro ng can only be established by use of logic, observation, preferences, emotions, experiences and relevant rules. Most cultures if not all perceive vices such as cheating, lying, murder and stealing as evils of the society thus wrong. Whenever an individual goes against such laws then he or she is punished. Moral absolutes such as the Ten Commandments (Christianity) have no changed since (Hinderer, chap. 4). It is interesting to note that none of them depends on social norms yet they are still true. This is to say that laid down rules and doctrines of the various religions find fault in ethical relativism. This theory has also been faulted because considers the right, wrong and the truth as relative. It does not make sense to conclude that certain things are right on the basis of a school of thought by a group of people. A typical example of this scenario was the slave trade where by as much as it was acceptable in the past, the world today does not entertain it. In general, relativis m does not provide for absolute ethics. Ethical relativism on the other hand undermines the existence of God according to the various religious systems in the world (Wear, Bono and McEvoy, 10). It should also be understood that this theory is faulted simply because ethical standards and norms keep changing with time. Relativism becomes false on the basis of an individual’s affiliation to a particular religious system. Personally, it is false since it does not recognize absolute ethical values. On the contrary it is true that many people accept this theory simply because it is not as strict as long as an individual or a group of people can justify a deed, then it is right. This theory offers a comfort zone that is relatively free of condemnation thus an ever increasing following. According to Hinderer (chap. 5), speciesism can be defined as a discriminative gesture by human beings against other species. It can also be defined as the act of putting human beings under privileges and advantages as opposed to animals. As a result, different species have different rights and values. Peter Singer’s arguments, with respect to whether our treatment of animals is speciesist or not, is valid. The fact that animals too share similar moral status with human means that they should be treated right without discrimination. Cruelty spans from factory farming all the way to laboratory tests carried out using animals.

Attachment Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Attachment Theory - Essay Example Children with attachment disorders suffer hardships in relating with others and cannot deal, effectively, with their emotions. There exists a wide variety of attachment issues depending on how disturbed a child is emotionally. These include conduct, attention deficit hypersensitivity, bipolar disorders among others. Circumstances surrounding the causes of attachment issues, at times, are unavoidable. However, the child is too young to comprehend that which may be happening and the reasons behind it. To the child, it may seem like nobody cares and thusly lose trust in others. Symptoms of attachment disorder include avoiding physical affection, anger, lack of remorse, enjoy being in control, and withdrawal. Provision of relevant education on how to deal with attachment-disordered children should be considered. This primarily targets parents with attachment-disordered children as an essential step towards reversing its effects. New parenting skills are impacted to help in healing the maltreatment experienced during the child’s early life, assisting them secure attachments with their current caregivers. In addition, this creates a foundation of new trust, which is necessary for successful relationships in all aspects of life. Research has indicated that attachment parenting requires one to understand the concepts of regulation dysregulation, which refer to the physical and emotional state of the child (ATTACh, 2008). While in a regulated environment, children can learn at their best since, they have a flexible experience and can manage a range of emotions without being overwhelmed. In addition, the child becomes more receptive, calm and can process thoughts and feelings. It is also critical that parents maintain a position that reflects the notion of being wiser and more mature that the child. It is essential that the parent assist the child in making sense of an

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Ghazali and Seneca - Essay Example Al Ghazali learnt and developed his philosophical knowledge in terms of Islamism. At the same time, he was inspired by ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle. He was focused on the spiritual dimension of education. He developed "Manners to Be Observed by Teachers and Students'" and was focused on promotion of purity of mind and knowledge as the final and the only one goal in life, because it leads to spirituality and closeness to God. His ideas may be interpreted in the following way: both teachers and students are the servants of God, only teachers stay on one step closer to God, then their students. Teacher’s role in education plays a function of mediation between the spiritual closeness of students to God and God. It is interesting to note that spiritual dimension is the right way to learning or knowledge gaining. It is impossible to reach nothing without it. A role of a student is described as a passive character, who is allowed only to a small portion of knowledge that is enough for his small mind. There is no need for superfluous knowledge. There is an evident subordinate relation between a student and a teacher. The former should show humility and modesty. Knowledge learning happens as a step-by-step process. There is a need to devote your mind to this process in order to gain the highest knowledge. Teacher is an individual with a pure mind, who is able to select the most appropriate portions of knowledge and teach it to his students. There is a need for him to be sincere with his students and to teach them clear things. At these last two points, we can claim that AI Ghazali ideas are relevant to modern teachers and students only partially. Anyone nowadays consider knowledge as a means to develop our minds. It is a means to get a better job and to gain much money, as a rule. Nevertheless, there is a need to promote tolerant and sincere relations between the students and the teacher, only it is necessary to underline a partnership nature of this kind of relations. It can be argued that philosopher underlines the necessity of life-long learning, because modern professionals have excellent skills in one or two fields. It is impossible to be professionals in many fields. It is better to devote one’s life to only one selected occupation. Unfortunately, the contemporaries do not consider the process of education as a way to enlightenment or a way to God. With respect to Seneca’s ideas about learning, we can claim at once that his approach is more up-to-date and interesting for the modern teachers and students. Seneca follows the principle of stoicism, which underline that good life is based on reason and harmony with nature. Therefore, wisdom and virtue are the final goals of education. Wisdom even not always correlated with education, as the philosopher claims. On the one hand, Seneca underlines that virtue comes from knowledge. We develop our minds in the process of learning and make it opener for new horizo ns. Every person should study and identify his virtue through knowledge. On the other hand, there is no need to learn the integrative elements of any science, such as syllables, curves or diagrams if there is a closed mind. A free man is able to cognize liberal sciences. They are developed for him. It is not

Jonathan Livingstone Seagull Essay Example for Free

Jonathan Livingstone Seagull Essay After reading on Jonathan Livingstone seagull, write down reflective value and believe about the meaning and purpose of life. Jonathan Livingston Seagull is about a very independent bird, who dared to question what was being taught and told to him by the elders. He didnt just want to spend his days searching for food and hanging out doing what was expected of him. He was different, and dared to dream. He spent his days learning to fly faster and better than any other gull in the flock. He learned from all of his searching and trying that he could do anything, if he wanted it badly enough and just went for it, even to the point of becoming an outcast. At one point in time, in so learning and perfecting his craft, he crash landed and died, going onto a higher lever of his awareness, to learn more lessons from his guide, Fletcher. He continues through the story, becoming more and more proficient in his endeavours and in turn becomes a teacher/guide to others, becoming a kind and loving soul along the way. Jonathan Livingston Seagull is a bird who wants nothing more than to fly. Raised in a group of gulls that saw flying as only a means to an end, Jonathan challenged their way of life by believing that flying could be about more than transportation or getting food it could be about joy and happiness and freedom. When told he was irresponsible for trying exceed his expectations Jonathan replied: Who is more responsible than a gull who finds and follows a meaning, a higher purpose for life? For a thousand years we have scrabbled after fish heads and now we have a reason to live to learn, to discover, to be free! An outcast from his flock, Jonathan took his exile with a grain of salt, finding joy in his love for flight and his constant desperate desire to grow and to learn. He pushes himself to the breaking point and is never satisfied enough with his knowledge and never tires of the quest to obtain more. Bach gives us a character that stands alone with his ideas and beliefs and is rewarded for his patience and courage. The second half of the book shows Jonathan learning so much that he transcends his earthly form into a higher plane of being. Here, Jonathan is met with other gulls who like him, strive for excellence and do not see flying as a means to an end, but simply love to fly for the sake of loving it. This part begins to reflect a bit of the Buddhist mindset about heaven and a universal knowledge which can seem a bit confusing at first. Jonathan finally returns to his flock on Earth to try for better or worse to show that there is more to life than what they are striving for. This is a fable about the importance of making the most of our lives, even if our goals run contrary to the norms of our flock, tribe or neighbourhood. Through the metaphor of flight, Jonathan’s story shows us that, if we follow our dreams, we too can soar. Amazing inspiring story of seagulls. It tells us nothing is impossible in this world. You just have to have the desire to achieve it.

Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare :: Poetry Poem

Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare SONNET 18 William Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 is one of one hundred fifty four poems of fourteen lines written in Iambic Pentameter. These sonnets exclusively employ the rhyme scheme, which has come to be called the Shakespearean Sonnet. The sonnets are composed of an octet and sestet and typically progress through three quatrains to a concluding couplet. It also contains figurative language and different poetic devices used to create unique effects in his sonnets. Shakespeare's sonnets consist of words constructed in a certain manner or form, thoughts, emotion and poetic devices. One way to interpret the sonnet is to think of "thee" that Shakespeare is referring to as a person. Following that line of thought the sonnet could read that Shakespeare is in love with someone who is consistently beautiful. He tries to compare this person to summer but summer is not as beautiful or constant. This person in Shakespeare's eyes will never grow old and ugly and not even Death can say that his pers on's end is near. In line 1, he starts the poem with a question. He asks if he should compare the person to a summer's day but ends up not doing so realizing that the person is superior. In the following 7 lines of this sonnet, he begins to show the differences between the person and a summer's day. He explains that the person's characteristics is moderate and comfortable and has favorable qualities in line 2. "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May," (line 3) means that the rough winds of the summer can destroy the buds of the flowers and his particular person has no such trait. In the forth line of the sonnet, Shakespeare justifies how summer is too short and how his lover's beauty does not end like this specific season does. In the next two lines, lines 5 and 6, the superb poet interpret the summer's temperature. He explains how the summer can be extremely hot and uncomfortable. He also describes how the sun can be dulled due to the covering of clouds. It can obscure or sha dow the earth, unlike the shining beauty of his lover. Although Sonnet 18 is an extended metaphor, line 7 has a literal meaning that explains itself: "And every fair from fair sometime declines," With fair meaning beautiful, he is saying that everything that is beautiful must come to an end and that all beauty fades except the one of his lover.

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Essay

1. Determine at least three different internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Stakeholders are individuals who are involved in, have a vested interest in, or a â€Å"stake† in the success of an organization (Merriam-Webster, 2011), such as a hospital. Dr. DoRight is an influential decision maker as the President of the Universal Human Care Hospital and it is important for him to consider how his decisions and actions affect the stakeholders of the hospital. In the course of his daily activities Dr. Do Right will interact and impact many of the hospital’s internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are be committed to an organization’s success. Often internal stakeholders will participate in the strategic development of coordinating resources to fund and sustain an operation. Examples of internal stakeholders which Dr. DoRight might engage daily would be: Director of Public Health, Head of Health Intelligence and Information, Director of Nursing, Public Health Strategists, Vice President of Human Relations or Members of the Board of Trustees (Markwell, 2010). External stakeholders are not directly connected to the organization; however, they are vested in the hospital’s success as clients, business or community partners. These stakeholders have influence over organizational activities by contributing their views and experiences related to issues which are important to them. Medical providers or suppliers, Patient Advocacy Groups, Quality Assessors, the Media, and Heads of Local Community and Special Interest Groups are examples of external stakeholders Dr. DoRight may deal with on a daily basis (Markwell, 2010). 2. Compare and contrast potential conflicts of interest that may exist between the internal and external stakeholders. Conflicts of interest exist between the hospital’s internal and external stakeholders. Medical providers such as, staffed research doctors or pharmaceutical manufactures want to provide the ‘best’ wellness plan by providing cutting-edge tests, treatments and medications which are likely to be more expensive to the payer or patients. Payers, such as insurance providers and private paying patients, would prefer a more cost effective approach to wellness with accurate diagnosis and treatments with fewer visits and tests (Wiseman, 2005). Although internal and external stakeholders may have different priorities, they will share common objectives. All stakeholders will share common ambitions for Universal Human Care Hospital to provide quality medical services to its patients. Additionally, all stakeholders will appreciate the hospitals efforts to improve the quality of life for the community it directly serves. (Markwell, 2010). 3. Discuss whether Dr. DoRight has fulfilled his ethical duty by reporting the illegal procedures. Dr. DoRight has reported the illegal procedures and patents dying due to negligent supervision and oversight to his Regional Director, Compliance Manager, as well as an Executive Committee in January 2009, but he has not fulfilled his ethical duty. As a doctor it is his responsibility to protect all patients from criminal acts including the illegal procedures and negligent supervision which has been reported at Universal Human Care Hospital. As there has been no result from the investigation after two years he has a responsibility to take further action to preserve the lives of patients. His ethical duty should include reporting the illegal procedures, as well as, the negligent supervision and oversight to higher ranking internal authorities. If the appropriate investigation and corrective actions do not occur he has a further ethical obligation to report the incidents to external authorities. As a doctor he is legally bound to take reasonable action. The law recognizes several exceptions the â€Å"no duty to rescue† rule and several apply to Dr. Do Right’s ethical dilemma (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Continued deaths due to negligence and illegal procedures should be reported beyond the Regional Director, Complianc e Manager and the Executive Committee as the failure to do so may result in his dismissal or even criminal prosecution. As a doctor he assumes contractual responsibilities to medically help others, and prevent them from being harmed. Patients in the hospital in which he is President may be lulled into a false sense of security, believing they will be helped, only to be neglected when lifesaving assistance is needed. Doctors and nurses employed in the medial facility which he oversees are endangering their patients and he is currently participating in creating a dangerous situation for several patients. Finally, there is a â€Å"special relationship† between Dr. DoRight’s medical facility and their patients. This relationship has a degree of dependency from the patient to the hospital and those whom govern the medical facility. As the President of Universal Human Care Hospital he is required to reasonably protect all patients from harm including the protection from the illegal procedures performed by the medical staff, and neglect or oversight of the supervising staff (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). 4. Describe the deontology principle and apply it to the ethical dilemma that Dr. DoRight faces in this case. The deontology principle â€Å"is marked by steadfastness to universal principles †¦[of] respect for life, fairness, telling the truth, keeping promises – no matter what the consequences† (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Immanuel Kant, the most famous deontological thinker, believed humans could rationally develop an absolute set of rules to govern behavior, and these rules should be applied in all situations without consideration of the consequences. For example, Immanuel Kant believed there is a never good time to lie, even if it could produce a favorable outcome, such as lying saving someone’s life (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Under the deontology principle, moral and ethical behavior â€Å"is a matter of holding, without exception, to certain principles† or categorical imperatives (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). The first of these principles is that people should act under the assumption that the same action they chose should be repeated if roles were reversed and they ended up on the receiving end of those actions. In Dr. DoRight’s ethical dilemma a deontological approach would require him to make his decisions in the frame of reference of being a patient whose death resulted from the hospital’s negligence or oversight. If Dr. DoRight made decisions in this frame of reference it is doubtful two years would pass without any definitive findings from the internal investigation into patient deaths (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Another categorical imperative of the deontology principle is that it is unethical for people to use others for their own gain. A mutually beneficial relationship should exist where all stakeholders gain something they want. In Dr. DoRight’s ethical dilemma, the relationship could be mutually beneficial if the patient receives suitable medial services and attention in exchange for monetary compensation. Dr. DoRight’s decisions can be considered unethical as the relationship is not mutually beneficial. Patients within his hospital to continue to die as a result of a variety of illegal procedures, while Dr. DoRight continues to win awards for his leadership and meeting his business goals (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Patients have a right to make a fully informed decision when selecting their medical providers. Making fully informed decision for oneself is â€Å"of great ethical value in deontology† (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). In the last two years, Dr. DoRight has told his Regional Director, Compliance Manager and the Executive Committee about the patient deaths due; however, disclosures are not provided to patients. With the insight of increased mortality rates due to the illegal procedures coupled with negligence and oversight it less likely patients will chose his medical facility for their health care needs. It is unethical according to the deontology principles to keep this information from patients. An infringement is being placed on some of the patients most basic rights; the right to life and health. Within the deontology principle this is never acceptable. Dr. DoRight falls short of several deontological principles, and is unethically infringing on the rights of his patients who are dying as a result of his decisions (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). 5. Describe the utilitarianism principle and apply it to the ethical dilemma that Dr. DoRight faces in this case The utilitarianism principle guides individuals, like Dr, DoRight, to ethically â€Å"behave in a given situation †¦ to choose an alternative that is likely to produce the greatest overall outcome.† This principle evaluates the advantages and costs of an individual’s actions not only for the decision maker, but for all stakeholders who will be impacted by the decision. Within the utilitarianism principle the long and short term consequences to the stakeholders are analyzed when evaluating a dilemma, while weighing the size of the group and the effects of the decision upon the stakeholders (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). In Dr. DoRight’s dilemma some consequences may be shared by numerous stakeholders, both internal and external. For example, the media could tarnish the reputation of the hospital and several of its staff by publicizing the deaths as pre ventable. This consequence could result in an increase of livelihood for external stakeholders such as the media, medical malpractice attorneys, or the extended family member of deceased patients. At the same time, it could result in the loss of livelihood amongst internal stakeholders such as; doctors, nurses and other members of as the hospital’s 5,000 employed staff (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). Smaller external stakeholders carry the burden of the greatest negative consequences. Most costly would be the loss of life to patients who died as a result of illegal procedures and negligent supervision. Although this group of stakeholders may be small in comparison to the 20,000 patients treated at the hospital, â€Å"losses of life and health weigh heavily on the scale† when assessing the consequences of a decision within the utilitarianism principle (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). The causes of deaths have not been revealed after two years of internal investigation. If an outside organization investigated the details of the illegal practices and neglect it could negatively impact some internal stakeholders. An external investigation could have a negative impact on hospital finances, the Executive committee, and the livelihood of the Regional Director, Compliance Manager or their direct staff. On the other hand, patients, doctors and other stakeholders could benefit from this same decision in the form of additional staffing, proper training and technology to provide accurate diagnosis. Ultimately, the short-term costs a few internal stakeholders of the hospital would be outweighed by the long-term benefits to several stakeholders if Dr. DoRight made this decision (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). References Halbert, T. & Ingulli, E. (2012). Law, Ethics, Business. In Law & Ethics in the Business Environment (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Markwell, S. (2010). Health knowledge. Retrieved from http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/organisation-management/5b-understanding-ofs/managing-internal-external-stakeholders Merriam-Webster. (2011). Stakeholder. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stakeholder Wiseman, B. (2005). Who are the stakeholders in healthcare?. Retrieved from http://patientsafetyed.duhs.duke.edu/module_a/introduction/stakeholders.html

Production Lay-outs

Product layout or assembly line is designed to handle products that are manufactured using specialized machines in an assembly line (Product lay-out).   Each line is designed to address specific requirements of a product line in a sequential manner.   There is a smooth flow of production (i.e. conveyor-supported) from one specialized machine to another which is desirable in mass production where demand is predictable while volumes are high.   This type of layout, therefore, is fitted in producing consumer products for a general market rather than producing for several segments of the market. The advantages of the product layout are its order and efficient processes that can lead to faster customer response and less demand on lead times.   It also promotes cheap labor because skill requirements are low that causes relaxation of high salaries.   Although this layout is efficient and easy to use, it is highly inflexible because a change in one assembly line can lead bottleneck in its production.   Further, in product development, acquiring a whole new set of machines and working area is necessary to address specific requirements of the product.   When demand is low, the assets can be underutilized. As it produces ships and airplanes, fixed position layout is a technique applied to vulnerable, hard-to-move and specialized products (Layout and Flow).   Factors of production (e.g. labor, machine, equipments and tools) are required to meet in a single production location to handle manufacturing tasks there. It is customary to leave machines in the site when not used to prevent breakage or damaged in addition to the costly transportation required for pull-out and getting back to the site. Further, to minimize the high capital in acquiring new machines, most companies are using contractual leases because their use of the machines is under limited time frame.   Its advantages are reduced movement of machines that aids in minimizing risk of damage or lost and continuity of processes because the need for re-planning is reduced as people meet in one place.   However, some of its disadvantages include are higher salaries as workers must have specific skills to finish the project, movement of people/ machines to site can be very costly and idle machines can have low utilization because they remain idle rather use for productive means when the production is at cease. Unlike fixed position, functional or process layout distinguish the work group into different departments that give rise to different and distinct workstations (Facility layout).   As production is intermittent and batched, functional layout is compatible in serving different market segments that have highly differentiated needs.   Compared to product layout, volumes are considerably low while the demand can fluctuate considerably from one period to another.   There is specialization in functional layout such as separation of men, women and children's clothes in a department store. Machines in this layout are for general use while workers are knowledgeable on how to operate machines within their station.   The advantage of this layout is opposite the disadvantage of product layout (i.e. flexibility) while the vice versa is also true (i.e. functional layout is inefficient).   Disadvantages such as backtracking, bottlenecks and delays are common.   Further, the storage rooms for raw materials are huge while inventories of the finished products are low because they are immediately delivered to customers.   The critical issue to consider in this layout is to find the relationship of each station to machine centers to establish a more space-efficient design between them. To address the issue to space-efficiency between stations and machine centers, cellular layout is idealized to combine the advantages of product and functional layouts (i.e. efficiency and flexibility).   Cells represent a workstation that produces similar customer requirements.   A machine that cannot be allocated in space is strategically located between cells that require machine processing to create a point of use.   The usual design is that the assembly line is observed in producing components and parts while process layout take-over the relationship of each component-producing cell. With the use of information systems, locating cells and identifying idle machines can be easily carried out.   Resulting to substantial paperwork to maintain the cellular layout, workers can also operate machines within their departments like functional layout.   Its advantages are reduction in material handing and transit time, minimal set-up time, minimized work-in-progress, efficient use of human capital, control and automation.   On the other hand, it can have backlash such as absence of sufficient number of part stations to create cells, imbalanced cells, more training and strict allocation of workers and increased capital expenditure. Justification of the most appropriate layout Although challenging to establish, the current environment and production needs of Manychip should use cellular layout.   First, its plant and sales channels are located in developed economies where quality and expensive human resources are dwelling.   Second, it operates in a highly volatile demand that can be easily affected by environmental changes that flexibility is required to prevent cost associated with over-forecasting.   Third, it is carrying only six main memory chip products which likely have significant similarities in design and internal parts.   This will enable creation of cells because the number of stations is sufficient. Fourth, its operations in asset-intensive while its depreciation can significantly affect its profitability.   When cellular layout is adopted, assembly lines can efficiently produce component parts for the six product lines which will prevent idle machines.   On the other hand, functional layout are flexible that can be applied when orders are placed and products are ready for final assembly.   Fifth, the production of Manychip requires high lead times which can be minimized when applied with cellular manufacturing as components are ready to undergo assembly once order is in place. On having greater agility, Manychip will not loose quality systems because specific stations are under stand-by mode that can be called if random quality test is necessary.   With the consideration of the three conditions, approval of cellular layout is very necessary.   Different components can create cells, the administrative group can act like a quality group in which case a station can be brought up for them near their respective process interests and shipment in different geographical location can be addressed by timely delivery of products.   However, Manychip must consider that substantial funding is required to establish a hybrid strategy such as cellular manufacturing.   It must also monitor its product development programs to prevent dissolution of important cells. References Product lay-out (unknown). UWM. Available   [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Facility layout (unknown). SNC. Available from ;http://www.snc.edu/socsci/chair/333/bricks/Layout.html; [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Layout and Flow (1997). Pearsoned. Available [Accessed on 6 August 2007] ; ; ;

6 polite and professional ways to call out a lazy coworker

6 polite and professional ways to call out a lazy coworker It’s not your job to motivate or police your coworkers. If it were, you would be their boss. But if you have a lazy coworker it can be a drag on your department or a team project- and in large and small ways, a coworker’s laziness can grate on you and affect your work life for the worse. Mix in a sense of unfairness about what some coworkers get away with, and you have a recipe for frustration and job dissatisfaction. But you don’t just have to throw up your hands and despair- there are a few ways to make sure someone else’s laziness doesn’t create a dysfunctional work day for you.1. Be directThe worst thing to do would be to engage in passive-aggressive behaviors- jokes, subtle hints, and sarcasm rarely land the way you want them to and your message may not be taken seriously or received at all. Make it easy on yourself: sum up the problem and how it affects you in one sentence and ask to have a short conversation with your coworker. You donâ€℠¢t need to agonize over a carefully worded email. Don’t be too confrontational or accusatory; just keep it simple, like: Could you pay more attention to this? When you don’t, I have more work to do. Sometimes laziness continues precisely because no one points it out. The simple antidote? Be direct.2. Be quickNever call out a coworker when you are truly annoyed, because that will surely lead to unprofessional behavior. On the other hand, it’s best to address an issue soon after it happens, so your coworker is clear on a specific time they were engaging in lazy behavior, and they don’t perceive you as nursing a weird grudge. Waiting too long after the fact can make it seem like you’ve been stewing for days- and rehashing the past can add another toxic element to the mix, causing your coworker to become defensive. Again, be direct, and point out something concrete that will make things better, and help your coworker snap out of their lazy habits.3. As k a favorIf either of the first two options seem too confrontational, you can directly ask your coworker for help on a project. It’s easy for some to ignore a task; it’s much harder to ignore a human being asking for help. This puts the lazy coworker in an awkward position: either they have to take the strong stance of saying â€Å"No,† or simply help. Just something to keep in mind- a lazy person is not necessarily a discourteous person, but the favor will pit their laziness against their sense of decency to their coworkers.4. Set up check-in meetingsA deadline can be a great taskmaster for the go-getter. Why not try this out for the lazy? A check-in meeting where each coworker sums up their progress on a project creates a certain level of accountability. The lazy coworker will be lagging behind, have nothing to report, and it will be obvious to everyone in the room. In essence, the lazy coworker will call themselves out, and the burden won’t be on you.5 . Suggest a better workflow to your supervisorThis doesn’t mean rat someone out or complain about their laziness to a supervisor, because that may not appear professional either. This option acknowledges that it’s not your job to pick up the slack for coworkers, nor is it your job to get them to do their work. If you see a better way to divide and conquer a task and you suggest it, this shows you are taking initiative and can help change the dynamic of how your team or department works together.6. Form a bondSometimes the only real thing you can change about your work situation is how you react and feel about it. If your frustration over your coworker’s laziness has reached the boiling point, take it down a notch. You don’t know what personal life issues your coworker may be facing. Be friendly. Bond with your coworker and try to reach a better understanding of them on a personal level. This can help reduce your frustration and make it easier if you ever do need to call them out on their behavior in the future.

Change Management Plan

Change Management Plan Free Online Research Papers Achieving organizational change is one of the greatest challenges for any business leaders. Maintaining a successful organization takes time, effort, and determination. Once an organization achieves success, sustaining the success becomes a moving force. Crys Tel telecommunications, the company used in the Simulation needs to create a change management plan to keep up with the constant changes to compete with other telecommunication industry. This paper will attempt to cover the major implications of the change at Crys Tel, including any human behavior involvement; select a suitable change model for Crys Tel telecommunications. Components of the plan will tackle human characteristics and possible resistances to change to include contingency approaches for dealing with any resistance. Next, implement the right leadership style will be successful at Crys Tel telecommunications. Implement an administration and leadership practice that will add to the continuing accomplishment of the change and propose measures to monitor the progress of the change at Crys Tel. Last, evaluate three future leadership challenges that Crys Tel may face in the next five to ten years. According to the employee satisfaction and climate survey, the marketing department at Crys Tel telecommunication is facing employee and senior communication issues; does not provide mentoring activities to train less experienced employees who were affecting the company performance. The Sales and Delivery department does not follow a participative leadership style; does not have a history of taking risks, and does not proactively resolve conflicts. To influence change and improve performance, senior executive must find activities that will help these departments transform their weaknesses into strengths (University of Phoenix, 2010). A successful organization requires management dedication, and implementation plan, and buy-in from all employees (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003). These changes include encouraging team members to make decisions, assign mentors, encouraging ongoing communication and develop a conflict resolution system to address team dynamics. Understanding the potential implications of change within an organization is essential to managing any change proposal. While bringing about important changes in any organization entail a diligent effort on all the liable parties involved. The greatest barrier to change is resistant to change; dealing with and managing this resistance is the key to successfully implementing the change proposal. Anytime a change is encourage within a company and employees are reassign, promoted, or reassigned, cultural, and group dynamics alter are thrown into disequilibrium (Krietner Kinicki, 2003). Unintended cultural shifts within the organization should be used to strengthen the individual commitment to change. The most significant approach for Crys Tel to implement in managing resistance to change is to diminish and remove any forces of change. Communicating change entails promoting the benefits of the proposal to the employees within the organization. In an article titled â€Å"Managing resistance to change,† Philip Atkinson addressed handling objections through persuasive communication: Selecting a model for change Crys Tel Communication had the task of implementing change within the company to enhance contribution, encourage innovation, and improve communication within and between their departments. CrysTel telecommunication understands to remain competitive; the company must understand and be ready to respond to forces of change. â€Å"Organizations come across many diverse forces of change and these forces come from outside sources the organization and from inside sources† (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, p. 673). Change is an ongoing factor for all companies. With rapid and frequent advances in the telecommunications industry, Crys Tel is likely to face technological changes regularly (University of Phoenix, 2010). â€Å"Forces of change can come from either internal sources such as human resource problems or managerial behavior and decisions or external sources such as demographic characteristics, technology advancements, market changes and social and political pressures† (Kretiner Kinicki, 2003, p. 674-675). Crys Tel has to deal with internal and external forces. Crys Tel telecommunication is preparing to launch a combination of emerging telecommunications technologies to increase its products contributions to keep up with the changing demands of the market. Technological progress is made quickly in the telecommunications industry and Crys Tel has to stay focus on the forces of changes but also look at the target elements of change. â€Å"Target elements of change represent components of an organization that may be changed; change can be directed at realigning arrangements, social factors, methods, goals, and people† (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, p. 680). CrysTel telecommunication is in the course of restructuring their departments so they will be in a better position to support their company so they will be able to increase company’s current spot in the telecommunication industry. Recent employee satisfaction and climate surveys were used to identify target elements of change. The sales and delivery and marketing department face logistical and internal challenges that could have a negative outcome on the organization. These surveys revealed that Crys Tel has a large risk of resistance to change in the Sales and Marketing departments and several target of elements of change were also identified. The behavior parameter that was identifying in the survey showed what areas the departments were strong in and what areas need improvement. This information will be used to change the weaknesses into strengths in the Marketing and Sales and Delivery departments. Crys Tel is a telecommunication company that must keep up with the newest technological advances if they want to stay competitive and be able to make changes quickly. This means each department must be able to execute its function well individually and collectively as one organization. Crys Tel telecommunications should have a business philosophy that states that each department should be working together to work toward a common goal that will offer support for the individual departments and that each department has the necessary tools and information it needs to be successful. An appropriate change model for Crys Tel telecommunications would be the Lewin’s Change Model. The Lewin’s Change model consists of a three-stage plan to initiate, manage, and stabilize the change process. The stages used in this model are unfreezing, changing, and refreezing (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, p. 677). The primary emphasis of the first stage is to create motivation to change by encouraging the individual to change old behaviors and mind-set with those preferred by management (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, p. 678). Benchmarking lets the company compare itself to other companies and study what techniques have worked best for them. Benchmarking is a technique that Crys Tel can used to accomplish this change. The employee and climate survey identified specific weaknesses in the sales and delivery and marketing departments was management, but the technology departments and human resources showed areas of major strengths. Crys Tel could benchmark the leadership practices of the stronger departments and use related techniques within the weaker departments to increase th e needed changes. The next stage in the model changing that involves learning, employees learn from new information given in a new way of looking at something. Using the benchmarking from stage one, would allow the employees to see directly how successful leaders operate within their own company and receive advice on a regular basis from their peers. This outlook will encourage the sales and delivery and marketing department’s leaders to learn the required concepts to maintain the change process, even when the team experiences resistance. The last stage of the Lewin’ Change Model is Refreezing. The change behavior and attitudes are incorporate during this stage and employees have the chance to exhibit the change behavior and attitudes that follow by positive reinforcement. Additional coaching and modeling can be used to reinforce the desire change (Kreitner-Kinicki, 2003, p. 679). The Lewin’s Change Model is an outline of organizational development that the Crys Tel leadership has used to implement change. One of the techniques used was employee surveys. Another technique used was to initiate activities that would help the Marketing and Sales and Delivery departments change their weakness into strengths. â€Å"Organizational development constitutes a set of procedures or interventions used to implement organizational change† (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, 682). The plan should address human variables and possible resistance to change. Change is an issue for companies in all industries. Crys Tel telecommunications must accept change and develop contingency plans to handle resistance to change. In an organization a number of changes with the leader and sometimes hurried by shareholders, clients or the needs and personality of the person in charge. Effective and ineffective methods to implementing change, depends on the organizational culture, leaders, and client base (Singel, 2005). Prior to managing resistance to change, Crys Tel telecommunications leadership must first identify why employees resist change. This information will give them a better understanding of why employees act the way they do and will help the leadership to work with individuals employees. A number of reasons people resist change is fear of the unknown or that something may go wrong. Employees fear not being able to implement the change or take part in the change after implementation. Some employees do not see the need to change or may be comfortable and do not want to change. Employees who resist change do not see how they will benefit from the change until it is put into practice. The approach used to manage resistance to change should be based on the organizational structure, culture, power structures, and politics found at Crys Tel telecommunications. Leaders can use different approaches to implement change; one is let the employees know how the change will work for them. Leadership should inform all employees the reason for the changes are being made. A thorough plan that explains to the employees is another strategy that can be used by Crys Tel telecommunication. Crys Tel telecommunication can also set up training to help the employees to learn and understand what is needed to implement the change and be able to ask questions concerning the change. Leadership should be open to suggestions and be available to assist the employees through the change process. Involvement by Crys Tel leadership could help motivate the employees to help with the chan ge process instead of resisting. Successfully selecting the appropriate leadership style that will have the greatest outcome on Crys Tel organizations, the appropriate leadership style will be conventional to a situation or event that can also entail the employment of more than one leadership style at the same time. Three styles of leadership include transformational, charismatic, and transactional. â€Å"Transactional leadership assist companies to accomplish the current goals more proficiently, like connecting job performance to valued rewards and making sure that employees have the resources needed to get the job done† (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, p. 428). Charismatic leadership uses a person’s personality to influence employees. Leaders who possess this style usually are friendly and inspiring. â€Å"Transformational leadership is a leadership perception that clarify how leaders change teams or organizations by developing, corresponding, and planning a vision for the organization or work unit, a nd encouraging employees to strive for that vision† (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, p. 428). Crys Tel must decide which of the three leadership styles to use in the event that the organization decides to implement a major change. Although it would be good to have a combination of all three styles, but the only style that would be most effective in ensuring the success of the change is transformational leadership style. This style would be more beneficial because it gives the employees something to work toward. This style helps give direction to each of the departments. Transactional leadership would not have as much of an affect because the work procedures of the company are not current issues. Charismatic leadership can win employees over but it takes more than personality to the job. The Sales and Delivery and Marketing Departments at Crys Tel have experienced high employee turnover and job dissatisfaction. Crys Tel should think about establishing a program that will encourage employees to set goals, both personal and professional, and set up a reward system for the reaching the goals. Crys Tel telecommunications need to develop an approach to handle the different departments in the organization. Leadership should encourage and encourage all employees to help increase team viability. â€Å"Team viability is defined as the team member satisfaction and continued willingness to contribute† (Kreitner Kinicki, 2003, 451). Every leader has at least one follower. The present leadership industry is develop on the intention that leaders matter a great deal and followers hardly at all (Kellerman, 2007). Emotional labor should be used with each strategy, emotional labor is the effort, planning, and control needed to express organizationally desired emotions d uring interpersonal transactions (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, p. 126). Measures to Monitor Change Some measures that can be apply to monitor change at Crys Tel telecommunication; feedback is one measure that can be used to monitor progress at Crys Tel telecommunications. Feedback should come from every employee particularly those impacted by the change. These are the employees who should be capable of telling the leadership if the changes are working and what other areas need improvement. Follow-up is another measure than can be used to monitor the progress of the change. Follow-up would permit management at Crys Tel to see if the change model is working. A third measure that can be use is surveys. Surveys are a good way to receive feedback because employee surveys are employee’s insight and suggestions for improvement and provide the organization with valuable information that can be very helpful to increase satisfaction in the workplace and it also let you know how well the change is working. Future leadership challenges that Crys Tel may face in the next five to ten years deal with change. Changes in leadership are a potential challenge that can happen at any level along with administrative changes. This includes changes in the mission and values and the culture at Crys Tel telecommunications. Another challenge that leaders will face is trying to inspire and motivate their peers and subordinates. A third challenge Crys Tel will face understands culture differences in society and the impact on their employees. This diversity range from gender to race to age to nationality and language; the changing nature of the workforce include people from such diverse backgrounds will require and understanding of cultural differences to better understand and motivate both subordinates and peers. The last challenge Crys Tel will face is keeping a cohesive environment in which everyone is working toward the same goals and objectives. To create a cohesive environment, you must cre ate a buy-in; get the individuals to buy-in; create ownership by asking them suggestions on projects. A cohesive environment increases productivity; improve the organizations bottom-line and improves employee’s morale. Conflict happens in all companies. Conflict creates a challenge in which Crys Tel must take a hands-on approach toward resolving probable issues through conflict management. â€Å"Conflict management is the interventions that change the level, and form of conflict in a way that make the most of its benefits and minimize its dysfunctional consequences† (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, p. 390). The first step would be for the leadership to determine in which conflict started. The six sources of conflict are communication problems, incompatible goals, different values and beliefs, task interdependence, scare resources and ambiguous rules (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, p. 391). With this data, the leadership at Crys Tel can use this information to develop conflict management techniques. Some conflict management techniques can be used to improve performance at Crys Tel telecommunication. The method for Crys Tel to use when faced with conflict is to attempt for a win-win situation wit h employees. â€Å"Win-win orientation is the belief that the parties will find mutually beneficial solution to their disagreement† (McShane Von Glinow, 2004, 394). This method generally causes a boost in employee morale that in turn improves performance. Additional methods to manage conflict include negotiation, avoiding, forcing, yielding, and compromising (McShane and Von Glinow, 2004, p. 396). The method that is used should be based on the type of conflict and the employees involved. The most possible resolution to conflict management would be problem solving. Using a successful current-oriented problem solving and solution development approach allow a leader to identify the right problem, decide upon a wise solution, and avoid many of the derailers of leadership. This approach incorporates objective and intuitive factors (University of Phoenix, 2007). Risk management and follow-up are also need as a part of this process. Conclusion Crys Tel must be ready to implement changes quickly to remain competitive. Major implications of the change at Crys Tel including human behavior implications were identified. Lewin’s Change Model was the appropriate change model selected for Crys Tel communications. The Lewin’s Change Model explains how to initiate, manage, and stabilize the change process (Kreitner Kinicki, 2004, p. 677). A plan that concentrates on human variables and possible resistance to change that was developed to include contingency approaches for manage any resistance. Transformational leadership was the suitable leadership style for effectively implementing the change at Crys Tel telecommunications. Some management and leadership practices that will help add to the accomplishment of the changes recommended included empowering employees, goal-setting and establishing a reward system. Measures to monitor the improvement of the change at Crys Tel telecommunications were feedback, surveys, and follow-up. Three future leadership challenges that Crys Tel telecommunications may face in the next five to ten years were analyzed included leadership, culture, mission, values, and conflict. Crys Tel telecommunications has a great deal to gain by implementing a successful change model. Reference Kellerman, B. (2007). What Every Leader Needs to Know About Followers. Retrieved January 26, 2010 from EBSCOhost database Kreitner, R., Kinicki, A. (2004). Organizational Behavior: Group Social Process. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. McShane, S., Von Glinow, M. (2004). Organizational Behavior. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Singel, J. (2005). Changing is inevitable. Retrieved January 26, 2010 from EBSCOhost database University of Phoenix. (2004). Building a Culture for Sustaining Change [Simulation]. Retrieved January 26, 2010 from University of Phoenix, rEsource, MMPBL520-Transformational Leadership Website. University of Phoenix. (2009). Problem Solving Based Scenarios: An Approach to Identify Opportunities to Create Value for the Business. Retrieved January 26, 2010, from https://www.mycampus.phoenix.edu Research Papers on Change Management PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males