Social Contraction vs. Ethical Egoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Contraction versus Moral Egoism - Essay Example This hypothesis likewise holds that it is okay to be like this; it is objective. Be that as it may, in reality, on the off chance that everyone indiscriminately followed their hearts wants, at that point there would be mayhem. To this circumstance, this hypothesis calls for utilization of discernment from an alternate edge. This point endorses that individuals ought to help out each other and cut down on the absolutely self serving interests. This angle characterizes the implicit understanding nature of this hypothesis (Shafer-Landau 188). Individuals won't make every moment count, however they will keep away from a more terrible destiny of being in steady change with society. What comprises change? Business analysts answer this inquiry through the speculative prisoner’s difficulty circumstance. In this circumstance, two people must attempt activities that are not gainful to the next gathering. Since it is normal to do the best for ones self, at that point the people both atte mpt these activities realizing without a doubt that the other party will endure. In a real existence time, there are innumerable circumstances that reflect the contentions in this speculative circumstance. Amplifying personal responsibility things being what they are, is certifiably not a beneficial way to deal with life. Individuals while be merciless reveling loathsome activities just to remain ahead (Shafer-Landau 192). There will be no trust, expectation or harmony for those with the smallest inclination to be â€Å"nice† henceforth the steady change. ... These people can go from guardians at home to the legislature. Structure this clarification; obviously participation needs more than one individual. All things considered, this hypothesis portrays ethical quality as a social marvel (Shafer-Landau 194). Similarly, this hypothesis legitimizes the presence of good laws; it legitimizes violating these laws. It gives that, in the occasion, that collaboration bombs then there is no compelling reason to maintain the ethical laws. Then again, the hypothesis legitimizes discipline of the culprits. From this theory’s qualities, investigates infer damning shortcomings. An ethical hypothesis has the obligation to advance making the best choice. Be that as it may, this hypothesis engages the chance of having a reasonable wrong for example when an agreement is void. Likewise, the methodology of utilizing sanity to legitimize activity is inadequate. As saw by Shafer-Landau (204) if the results of an uncalled for activity are not as expansive as the advantages, at that point it is discerning to act treacherously. Much as, Hobbes attempts to characterize judiciousness to exist together with uprightness, this is just conceivable in reality as we know it where equity wins. If the world is in a â€Å"natural state† (Hobbes portrayal of political agitation), at that point being normal methods endurance for the fittest. A second hypothesis that attempts to characterize the degrees of profound quality with respect to human conduct is moral vanity. Moral vanity portrays how people should act. Moral pride further declares that ethical obligation ought to depend on doing activities that reflect best personal circumstance. In doing as such, one ought not stay away from activities that help other people however isn't under any commitment to seek after personal responsibility with respect to the prosperity of others. In spite of this extreme stand, moral vanity plainly expresses that personal responsibility isn't just joy cha sing.

Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Example For Students

Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Owen investigates his significant subject the pity of war. He was for the most part worried about setting up reality with regards to war: that It was not in the least heavenly. He accomplishes this reason through featuring the earnestly negative parts of war, Including the loss of youthful life, unfairness, lies, and the impact of war on troopers and the revulsions of war. Two sonnets that pass on these regions unmistakably and feature Owens pity of war are The Next War and Anthem for Doomed Youth. In The Next War Owen viably passes on the abhorrences of war and bad form of the pioneers sending men to death while they are sheltered. We will compose a custom exposition on Wilfred Owen Poetry explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now He utilizes representation to pass on the warriors relationship with Death in the lines Out there, weave strolled very cordial up to Death and We chuckled at him. This shows the troopers had figured out how to live with Death to overcome the day alive and rational. They needed to become companions with him else they would go Insane stressing continually over who might pass on straightaway and whether It would be them or not. At the point when the warriors had a near calamity with death they giggled, It was the main thing they could do, and this again recommends their mental stability Is winding down. This shows the perusers the loathsomeness of war as the troopers needed to go to such outrageous estimates Just to endure the day, which Is one of the shopping center parts of the pity of war. The utilization of the representation In the lines Weve sniffed the green thick morose of his breath passes on that his breath is in effect legitimately contrasted with the gas utilized in the war. It infers that the gas is sent straightforwardly from Death to search out and do hurt, it additionally proposes that it is a frequently event as somebody breathing is all the time. Hes spat at with slugs and hes hacked shrapnel. This embodiment passes on that the slugs and shrapnel from the foe, which carry demise to warriors, are additionally sent from Death to slaughter. This causes Death to appear as though the adversary and that they ought to be battling against Death not against one another. These two methods depict the brutal passings from weapons and gas and how they are constrained by Death, causing Death to appear the adversary. This is the ghastliness of war, which Is a piece of the pity of war. In the main verse of the work, which Is an octave, Owen causes passing to appear a definitive adversary. Be that as it may, In the second verse which Is a sestets, Owen uncovers that Death isn't the genuine foe, however that the pioneers are, as they send guiltless men out to battle, kill and kick the bucket for their nation while the pioneers re safe behind the lines. In the lines And more prominent wars; when every warrior boasts he wars on death for lives; not men for banners Owen utilizes incongruity to pass on that pioneers are liars and just do battle in light of a legitimate concern for their nation and not in light of a legitimate concern for the unique individual who will battle and kick the bucket in light of the fact that a pioneer directed so. By utilizing the structure of the piece to show this, Owen underscored this distinction with Juxtaposition by having the octave which suggests demise as the adversary and the sestets which portrays the pioneers as the genuine foe directly close to each there. The part of the pity of war investigated here Is the Injustice of the pioneers who send officers to pass on while they remain safe. Wilfred Owen investigates the pity of war In the sonnet Anthem for Doomed Youth. The shopping center territories he centers around are the penance of youthful blameless lives, the detestations of war and the foul play in war. .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .postImageUrl , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:visited , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:active { border:0!important; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:active , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u36fefb902547b87ed c2f057d0552a077 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is the Twentieth century American epic a mode for social analysis? EssayOwen utilizes a What passing-ringers for these who bite the dust as steers? Owen looks at the youngsters to dairy cattle whom are butchered, which dehumidifies them. This shows the little youngsters are thought of just as gun grain and that they are not thought about. The heterocyclic inquiry is utilized to include the perusers and make sympathy for the youthful lives that are lost. The utilization of these procedures fortifies the point that Owen is making, that war harvests obliteration in youthful lives. This is likewise appeared in The Next War as it additionally investigates the death toll achieved by the abhorrences of war. Owen viably passes on the pity of war through the penance of youthful honest lives. The wonder of war is the principle lie told about war. War is frequently depicted as an awesome thing that will give a man incredible magnificence will give an extraordinary experience. Owen set out to ell reality with regards to war through his sonnets. Nor any voice of grieving recovery the ensembles, the harsh, sick ensembles of moaning shells. This statement utilizes the procedures; interesting expression, exemplification and sound to word imitation. Owen joins these 3 methods to delineate that the young men who bite the dust will get no burial service, nobody will lament and nobody will miss them. The main farewell they get is the continuation of the war. It likewise insinuates that no religion will be associated with their passing procedures. It recommends the possibility that since God never helped them during the war it would Just be in affront to remember sew for their demises. The falsehood of war is one of the primary zones in the pity of war that Owen depicts. The impact of war on fighters is the part of the pity of war investigated in the lines Not in the hands of young men however in their eyes Shall sparkle the blessed gleams of farewell. Owen utilizes direct rhyme, emotive language and symbolism to pass on the influence the war has one the youthful warriors. The rhyme plan of having two lines rhyme as opposed to spreading the rhyme out like in the remainder of the sonnet underscores that the war intellectually influences the fighters. It leaves them miserable, discouraged ND suspicious. Their sodden eyes from tears mirror the flames consuming and blasts that represent the candles consumed at memorial services to speeds the deeds climb to paradise. This passes on again that the young men get no appropriate memorial service. The part of the pity of war depicted in this statement is the impact of war on the officers. The Next War and Anthem for Doomed Youth are sonnets by Wilfred Owen that delineate the pity of war whose principle subjects are; Injustice, lies, detestations of war, loss of youthful life and the impact of war on troopers. His principle concern was to spread the message that war was not magnificent. Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Example For Students Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Willows verse is based around the bogus brilliance of war and the genuine fierceness of the encounters the officers confronted while at fight. These thoughts and encounters are spoken to in the sonnets Mental Cases and Disabled successfully as they talk about the physical and mental weights the warriors confronted getting back from fight using beautiful strategies. Mental Cases spins around the survivors of shell stun and their encounters of never genuinely leaving the war. The utilization of ironic expressions, metaphor and similar sounding word usage successfully exhibit the horrendous encounters these oldies can never intellectually desert. The ironic expression moderate frenzy accentuates the frightening encounters that helped cause the warriors mental breakdown. This permits the perusers an opportunity to envision the Inhuman fights these troopers battled and Images that are continually scratched In their brains. This Image Is additionally worried with the metaphor that follows. The utilization of abysses depicts the demeanor upon the warriors face while remembering these bad dreams. We will compose a custom article on Wilfred Owen Poetry explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now This gives the perusers a visual Image of their furious appearance. Owen keeps on painting the agony on their countenances and underscore the impact of these encounters on what used to be courageous fighters with similar sounding word usage further in the sonnet. Similar sounding word usage is combined with juxtaposi

Write a Research Paper The Savvy Way!

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Teaching Reading Skills With Computer Assisted Language...

Teaching Reading Skills with Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) CALL or Computer Assisted Language Learning is known as the area of applied linguistics concerned with the use of computers for teaching and learning a second language or foreign language (Chapel and Jamieson, 2008). Computers have been used for educational purposes since mid-1960s with the work of Suppes, Atkinson, and their colleagues (National Reading Panel, 2006). However, up to 2006, there were still relatively few numbers of research concerning the incorporation of computers or other technologies in education especially in the area of reading according to the panel. They noted that it was probably because technology had not become a main topic for many reading researchers at that time, and because it was often believed that reading could only be taught by a human. However, even though there were only few research on the subject, the panel concluded based on their analysis toward several researches that it is possible to use computer technology for reading instruction; and the u se of computers for teaching reading can be a good alternative, especially with the development of multimedia computers nowadays. For second language or foreign language learners, developing reading ability is important in learning the language. However, it can also be a challenging process because they have to decode the text, try to understand the words, and comprehend the text all at once (Samuels, 2006). Therefore, itShow MoreRelatedStudent At Risk And With Disabilities1400 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes toward school, grades, computer skills, standardized test scores, and teacher evaluations using the Apple Classroom of Tomorrow (ACOT) program. Subjects were at-risk seventh grade students. Results showed that the CAI group was successful in math and reading compared to the control group. However, they reported that some academic achievements were lost and students remained at risk because of lack of on-going computer use and limited access to computer lab after the two- year experimentRead MoreConstructivism and Connectivism as Theories of Learning Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesEducational technology is an umbrella term that includes many types of technologies such as computer softwares,the internet, I pads , iPods, and mobiles. By using the internet , learners are exposed to an amazing world. This world contains new branches of technology such as social networks including Twitter ,and Facebook, ,Wikis ,Blogs, and Rss.We have knowledge explosion. By using technology in learning ,learning processes have improved. Learners interact with technology rather than a teacher orRead MoreIs Computer Assisted Language Learning ( Call ) Will Improve Foreign Language?1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe research presented in this article seeks to determine if Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) will improve foreign language learning versus an in-class curriculum setting. A numerous amount of current research examines CALL and its impact on non-native English speakers learning English as a foreign language. However, this study will focus on expanding the research further through the examination of three different foreign languages, ranked from easiest to hardest, that will be studied by nativeRead MoreMajor Trends in 21st Century in Esl1029 Words   |  5 PagesMajor trends in 21st century ESL language teaching Teaching students to be literate is a high educational priority throughout the world. Though this area is one of our greatest priorities, it is also one of our greatest challenges. The classroom environment has changed from many years ago. Teachers face the challenges of a large population who do not speak English and have high transient rates. For this large population, becoming proficient in a new language is a very difficult transition. ThisRead MoreThe Value Of Computer Assisted Language Learning1672 Words   |  7 Pageshas widely affected every domain in human life in the last decades. Hence, using the computer has become an important tool in the teaching and learning process. It plays a remarkable role in learning and teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Therefore, it is very important to prepare the new generations with the computers and its applications. Thus, the value of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has been increased in the education. It has helped solve many problems of studentsRead MoreEssay on How To Effectively Teach Students With Learning Disabilities864 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively teach students with learning disabilities and meet the lesson plan objectives. I will explore three potential issues that currently exist in the educational system and how an action research plan would prove beneficial. Research Topic Literature Exploration Problem Statement The problem is children with learning disorders often exhibit anger management and problem solving skills. How can art based education be beneficial to students with learning disabilities control anger and learnRead MoreEnglish As Second Language Learning776 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant role in English as second language learning process. For the majority of English as Second Language(ESL) learners, the ultimate goal of learning the language is to understand (read and listen) and communicate (write and speak) with little difficulty and the lack of sufficient vocabulary may be the constraint of such goal (Folse, 2004). As the bedrock of English and as well as language, vocabulary also facilitates the development of other language skills: lexical richness leads to the progressRead MoreVocabulary Acquisition Through Audio-Video Aids3146 Words   |  13 Pagesnumber of advantages using computers and multimedia for second language instruction. Vocabulary plays an important part in second language acquisition and academic achievement. The role that vocabulary knowledge plays in second and foreign language acquisition has long been neglected. However, vocabulary is currently receiving increased emphasis in the language teaching curriculum. This paper will focus on various possibilities to enhance vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension with the helpRead MoreEssay on Computer Aided Language Learning (CALL)584 Words   |  3 PagesThrough the last several courses, several areas have been reviewed and considered for research. The main area in which I am focusing on at this time is the area of computer aided language learning (CALL). Specifically, I am interested in the literacy development of second language learners. However, I am also aware that there is significant resistance from many teachers to integrate the technology in its entirety and there is also resistance from parents. From the student’s point of view, I thinkRead MoreLeveraging Co mputer Technology for Literacy Instruction in the Classroom2385 Words   |  10 PagesComputer-Based Reading Programs for At-Risk Learners Children with disabilities face a variety of challenges when learning to read. Some students experience processing disorders, some have auditory or visual deficits, still others have gross or fine motor disabilities. Computer technology is adept at addressing all of these issues by the nature of its flexible and extensible application. As a relatively low-cost solution for providing specialized instruction, integrating computer technology is

National Infrastructure Protection Plan Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Most small and rural airports fail to undertake regular drills, have limited stakeholder collaboration, limited participation and community involvement, inadequate resources such as medical aid and marine rescue, and much insufficiencies and inadequacies on regulation adherence. Even though small and private airports are normally prepared for some emergencies in various aspects, they still need to do much. Subsequently, in order to enhance risk resilience and disaster preparedness and recovery, the airports need to allocate more resources, conduct continuous public and staff awareness trainings, undertake regular drills, address staff welfare concerns, strengthen interagency coordination, ensure adherence to set standards and regulations, decentralize decision making, improve navigation, and establish aerodrome owned marine unit (Scalingi, 2007). The primary goal of emergency response efforts in airports is to promote and foster the establishment and development of efficient, safe, environmentally compatible, and dependable air transportation system. However, the multimodal and interconnected systems including aviation are still vulnerable to various natural risks and disasters. For example, it is estimated that there is a 99 percent chance of earthquake experience in California within the next 30 years. It is therefore expected that the airports of such like states play a critical role in disaster recovery and response efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on National Infrastructure Protection Plan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Today, the majority of transportation disaster planning focus on restoration of surface transport systems, however, the relationship between surface transport and airports is very crucial during the disaster recovery phase, this is due the alternate usage by passengers, for example, destinations that can be reached via surface transport and air transport, passengers can choose to go by planes or vehicle, hence both systems need adequate disaster recovery systems (U. Department of Homeland Security, 2009).

Essay on Impact of Film and Television 1950’s to Present

Impact of Film and Television: 1950’s to Present Today, Film and Television are among the most internationally supported commodities. Financially, their contributions are enormous: both industries are responsible for the circulation of billions of dollars each year. Since their respective explosions into the new media markets during the mid-twentieth century, film and television have produced consistently growing numbers of viewers and critics alike. Sparking debate over the nature of their viewing, film and television are now being questioned in social, political, and moral arenas for their potential impact on an audience. Critics claim that watching films or television is a passive activity in which the viewer becomes subconsciously†¦show more content†¦Greater emotional and intellectual responses surface as foreign issues become closer to home from an instant access to news. As the public receives such unbiased information, it can make more informed decisions, and has a better chance to affect change. (At this time, tel evision and film are the most powerful catalysts for social change.) Thus it can be argued that film and television productions help to create positive social changes, promote multiculturalism and diversity, and create a common cultural identity among viewers. Unfortunately, this utopian argument doesn’t account for the countless studies correlating film and television viewing to perpetuated hate and stereotyping, and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Declining SAT scores and library check-outs over the decades have lead critics to believe that film and television are aiding in the international dumbification effort, in which individuals are losing the ability to think without direction. This phenomenon is closely related to the more recent couch potato syndrome, in which laziness, lack of physical fitness and a passive attitude combine, producing the ultimate unhealthy lifestyle that is currently sweeping the majority of modern America. More important, however, are the two great faults of film and television. First, film and television establish falseShow MoreRelatedThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social p aranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. 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With the recent legalisation of same-sex marriage in the UK and in the USA, we’re seeing a push for equality, acceptance and predominantly, normality. However, these views are rarely being reflected in modern or mainstream cinema. These films habitually present themselves with a lack of diverse stories or representation, with many of them sinking into the similar tropes andRead MoreThe Social World1413 Words   |  6 PagesSexualisation of the social world has become a very prominent social issue since the early 90’s. It has affected many influential individuals in devastating ways such as that of eating disorders, body image issues and mental illnesses. This essay will explore sociological explanations to understand and draw conclusions on why the sexualisation of culture has and continues to occur today. I will explore feminism and how it has influenced sexualisation of culture today and how pornography has influencedRead MoreTv Representation of Families and Society - 1950s to Present2420 Words   |  10 PagesReport On TV Families The television shows from 1950 to the present are connected in many ways. The characters showed in the 1950s television show called Leave It To Beaver all have white coloured skin and portrayed as a happy, perfect family. As the decades increased, the nuclear families turned into blended families, and the television shows started to have coloured characters. The families started to have problems and social situations. 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What matters to every theatre maker, I know, is speaking clearly to the audience right now. † This quote by English playwright and screenwriter, Lee Hall, from an essay he published in the Times of London, is central to the connection between theatre and motion picture technology. Since the rise of film in the early twentieth century, these elements have been influencingRead MoreMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: â€Å"Easy Rider† was a significant film because its success helped start a new Hollywood phase of filmmaking in the early 1970s. Films like â€Å"Duel in The Sun†, and â€Å"Red River† are what preceded films like â€Å"Easy Rider†. These films came into being and were financially successful because they temporarily relieved the fears aroused by a recognition of social and political conflicts. 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Case Study on Natural Disasters-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about then Case Study of Literature Review on the Topic "How to control Tsunamis, sea underwater Earthquake". Answer: Purpose of the Case Study Tsunamis are a major cause of destruction to human lives. It causes unprecedented damage to life and properties. The coastal areas are the worst affected and large scale Tsunamis completely destroys the low lying coastal areas. The purpose of the following case study is to find out the potential solutions to reduce the impact of Tsunamis. Scope of the Case Study The following case study has a huge scope as it deals with a sensitive issue like Tsunami. The case study will discuss all the potential solutions of reducing the impact of tsunamis. The case study will act as a proper source for the future studies. Best Practices The case study has a significant impact on the target audience. It will help the readers to have a basic idea related to Tsunamis. The case study also throws light on some of the unknown facts about tsunami and underwater quakes. The use of charts and some figures has helped to make the case study a compact one. Problems Tsunamis occur when a powerful earthquake occurs in the ocean. It is caused by the movement of the oceanic plates and generally leads to the formation of huge sea waves that can cause havoc to the coastal areas. It can completely destroy the areas adjacent to the sea and leaves no sign of population. A number of Tsunamis have happened till day and the numbers are increasing. One of the recent such instances being the large Tsunami of Indian Ocean that claimed more than two lakh lives and destroyed the landmass and the vegetation. However the most active Tsunami range which is called the ring of Fire is within the Pacific Ocean and registers the largest number of Tsunamis occurring globally. The waves created by the earthquake have unimaginable speeds of about 500 miles per hour. Advancement in technology has helped to calculate the Tsunamis accurately and efficiently. The researcher has prepared a case study on the precautionary measures that can be affected to stop Tsunamis. However stooping them is practically impossible but technology and better measures can help to decrease the amount of loss to a substantial level. Analysis of Alternatives As mentioned earlier it is practically impossible to stop the occurrence of Tsunami or under water seaquakes. But it is possible to reduce the negative effects and impacts of the organization by adopting some selected strategies (Abdolali et al. 2015). The construction of artificial structures can help the low lying coastal areas to prevent themselves from tsunamis, but they are believed to be not friendly to the environment. The scientists who have been researching on the following have developed different procedures to counter such a destructive force of the globe. The case study will discuss the recommended solutions to the problems faced while tsunamis occur. It will also mention the different solutions to counter such a deadly force. Recommended Solutions Artificial Methods The huge economic cost and loss of Human lives due to Tsunamis have been a major cause of worry for the nations as they are being pushed to economic crisis. Every year the vulnerable countries spend more than 500 million dollars to restructure everything destroyed. The advancement of Science and Technology is gradually playing an advanced role to counter the destructive force of nature. Different countries have joined hands and have created programmes to develop and implement information and communication technologies, Geographical Information systems and remote sensing satellite and data. Figure No 1- Occurrence of Tsunami Source- (Sugawara et al. 2014) The countries that have large coastlines have been improving their coastal protection system for effectively tackling different natural hazards and disasters. Countries such as Australia, USA, Japan, India and many more such countries having large coastlines are improving their national emergency and early warning capabilities (Sugawara et al. 2014). There are a lot of warning systems like sirens, radio broadcasts, installation of tsunami detection machines, constant patrolling, phone messaging and many more as such. Integrated Communication technology is another recent such technology that are being implemented by first world countries to avoid unnecessary destruction of their territories. The use of an integrated communication technology has helped in the constant flow of information from one source to the other and thus it helps the organization to stay updated. The OECD countries are taking the help of weather satellites to determine the occurrence of earthquakes and Tsunamis. Th e use of satellite based observation has made the calculations more accurate and it gives ample time to prevent damage and loss of lives (Abdolali et al. 2015). The countries such as USA, Italy, Japan, India and some selected countries which are quite vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis have been upgrading their seismic surveillance networks. The occurrence of two major and many minor Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean region between the year 2004 and 2011 have prompted the authorities to set up a number of local warning centers around different countries lying in that belt (Cecioni et al. 2014). Three new regional Tsunami service provider centers were also set up in India, Australia and Indonesia to add further warning capacity before the occurrence of Tsunami. Figure No 2- Tsunami Warning Centers across the World Source- (Barrow 2014) COUNTRIES MEASURES Australia, Canada, Columbia, India, Turkey, USA Improved Seismic Surveillance Methods Australia, Colombia, India, Indonesia Improved Tsunami Early Warning and Monitoring System Australia, Austria, Netherlands, France Improved Telephone based Information system Table No 1- Measures Taken By Different Countries Source- (As created by the Author) The Global Observing System of The World Meteorological organization updates the users with the situation of the oceanic surfaces every minute. The observations help in the preparation of weather reports and describe the weather advisories and early warnings. The total system is based on the observations of the different local and regional centers, satellite observations, reporting ships and aircrafts that patrol around the sea. The countries that take the use of such technology include India, China, Japan, South Korea and the United States. The advanced scientific technology helps in the accurate prediction of the natural disasters especially Tsunamis (Cecioni et al. 2014). Figure No 3- Rise in the Number of Tsunamis Source- (As Created by the Author) The Tsunami Alarm System is one of the latest but a complex technology that is installed by almost each and every country that have a constant threat from Tsunami (Barrow 2014). The system is interconnected globally with different early warning centers and thus receives a signal immediately once there is an underwater earthquake in the ocean floor. The receiving center in turn is connected with the different telephones and the users receive a warning message immediately and are thus warned against the possible occurrence of the Tsunami. The Center also ensures that the message does not go unnoticed and thus it sends 3 back to back SMS to catch the attention of the users. The Tsunami alarm system works everywhere in the world and enjoys an uninterrupted flow of information (Abdolali et al. 2015). Countries such as USA and other developed countries have pre-installed such warning systems in the mobile handsets of the service users. The advanced technology of the system also allows the tourists to use the system. A recent research on how to stop Tsunamis has been conducted by a group of professors of Cardiff University. Professor Usama Kadri, one of the team members of the research describes that Tsunamis can be checked at an early stage by firing deep ocean sound waves that hit the earths shoreline. The professors term these waves as Acoustic- Gravity- Waves that are naturally occurring sound waves that moves below the oceans and can go deep inside the oceanic surface. The researchers have cited that if there is a technology that can engineer these waves, they can be used to fire below the oceans surface during the occurrence of Tsunamis. He terms it challenging to engineer the waves into the water. The technology can help save lots of lives and property of the countries in the coastal areas (Admire et al. 2014). Figure No 4- AGW Mitigation of Tsunami Source- (Admire et al. 2014) A new technology has been developed by a group of scientists of Georgia Technology School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. The school has developed a new technology named RTerg that is claimed to accurately predict the approach of Tsunamis. This technology once implemented will help in the reduction of the loss of human lives and property. The system has been based on a chain of algorithms to generate the type of tsunami and the eventual destruction it can cause. Once the Tsunami occurs a auto generated message is received from the Tsunami center and accurately provides all the information related to the occurrence and magnitude of the Tsunami. It will also help to calculate the exact time by which the Tsunami will strike the land. Therefore it will be easier for the authorities to evacuate the people and take them to safe places. These innovative technologies are key to the detection of the tsunami and extensive research must be carried out until and unless the desired results are not met. Natural Methods (Case Study of Japan) Nowadays some countries have been stressing on some natural methods to stop the destructive force of Tsunami. The use of advanced technical methods are limited to the early warning systems which is capable of saving lives but it fails to save properties and lands from the grasp of giant sea waves. Once the water reseeds these lands which were once cultivated loses its fertility and is unable to produce vegetation (Wei et al. 2015). The countries have started planting large trees in the coastal areas to stop the effect of Tsunamis. Forest is believed to be effective for a number of reasons namely; Stops driftwood and floating of materials. Reduces the velocity of water. Helps to save lives as people can catch hold of the trees from getting overflowed. It helps to create sand dunes that act as natural barriers to large waves. Mangroves especially help to block tsunamis. Pine Forests in Japan have helped to reduce the impact of Tsunamis for a long time. It has been observed that Pine forests with diameters of 10 cm are able to resist tsunamis up to 4.64 meters (Komjathy et al. 2016). The calculation thus applies to the forests and if such an advanced natural method is maintained as has been the case in Japan large disasters can be avoided. The use of such advanced natural methods by the country is tried and tested and has helped to reduce damages in the country. The capacity of the forest to reduce the effect of tsunami is estimated by the use of fluid dynamics. It measures the hydrodynamic relationship of a liquid that moves along the vegetation, requires various parameters that measure the resistance of forests to Tsunamis. Some of the key factors that are learnt from the calculation are volumetric occupancy, drag coefficient, inertia coefficient and many more as such. Such a calculation helps to plant the trees more effectively such that it reduce s the amount of loss. Both the artificial as well as the natural measures can be the ideal forms for future precautions against Tsunamis. Implementation The countries may face problems while implementing the total systems to prevent tsunamis. It is also not possible to totally eradicate the destruction of Tsunami. As of now it is only possible to develop a highly advanced system and reduce the impacts of tsunami. The early borne control system of Tsunami is highly costly which makes it quite tough for smaller nations to implement such technology. Results The case study has included most of the key elements that was needed to be covered during the preparation. Any future research which will be conducted in the coming times will surely get help from the following case study. References Abdolali, A., Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G. and Kirby, J.T., 2015. Hydro?acoustic and tsunami waves generated by the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake: Modeling and in situ measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,120(2), pp.958-971. Admire, A.R., Dengler, L.A., Crawford, G.B., Uslu, B.U., Borrero, J.C., Greer, S.D. and Wilson, R.I., 2014. Observed and modeled currents from the Tohoku-oki, Japan and other recent tsunamis in northern California.Pure and Applied Geophysics,171(12), pp.3385-3403. Barrow, C., 2014.Environmental change and human development: controlling nature?. Routledge. Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G., Romano, A., Abdolali, A., Sammarco, P. and Franco, L., 2014. Tsunami early warning system based on real-time measurements of hydro-acoustic waves.Procedia Engineering,70, pp.311-320. Di Risio, M. and Beltrami, G.M., 2014. Algorithms for automatic, real-time tsunami detection in wind-wave measurements: using strategies and practical aspects.Procedia Engineering,70, pp.545-554. Kain, C., Wassmer, P., Goff, J., Chagu?Goff, C., Gomez, C., Hart, D., Fierro, D., Jacobsen, G. and Zawadzki, A., 2017. Determining flow patterns and emplacement dynamics from tsunami deposits with no visible sedimentary structure.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,42(5), pp.763-780. Komjathy, A., Yang, Y.M., Meng, X., Verkhoglyadova, O., Mannucci, A.J. and Langley, R.B., 2016. Review and perspectives: Understanding natural?hazards?generated ionospheric perturbations using GPS measurements and coupled modeling.Radio Science,51(7), pp.951-961. Mungov, G., Ebl, M. and Bouchard, R., 2013. DART tsunameter retrospective and real-time data: a reflection on 10 years of processing in support of tsunami research and operations.Pure and Applied Geophysics,170(9-10), pp.1369-1384. Rabinovich, A.B. and Ebl, M.C., 2015. Deep-ocean measurements of tsunami waves.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(12), pp.3281-3312. Romano, F., Trasatti, E., Lorito, S., Piromallo, C., Piatanesi, A., Ito, Y., Zhao, D., Hirata, K., Lanucara, P. and Cocco, M., 2014. Structural control on the Tohoku earthquake rupture process investigated by 3D FEM, tsunami and geodetic data.Scientific reports,4. Shuto, N., 2015. TsunamisTheir Coastal Effects and Defense Works. InInternational Compendium of Coastal Engineering(pp. 55-84). Siqveland, J., Nygaard, E., Hussain, A., Tedeschi, R.G. and Heir, T., 2015. Posttraumatic growth, depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to quality of life in tsunami survivors: a longitudinal study.Health and quality of life outcomes,13(1), p.18. Sugawara, D., Goto, K. and Jaffe, B.E., 2014. Numerical models of tsunami sediment transportCurrent understanding and future directions.Marine Geology,352, pp.295-320. Wei, Y., Fritz, H.M., Titov, V.V., Uslu, B., Chamberlin, C. and Kalligeris, N., 2015. Source models and near-field impact of the 1 April 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(3-4), pp.657-682.

Socialization Of Tarzan Of The Apes Essays (2418 words)

Socialization Of Tarzan Of The Apes SOCIALIZATION OF TARZAN OF THE APES Sociology of Tarzan of the Apes By Scottie Miller Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs is about socialization and resocialization of the second John Clayton, Lord of Greystoke. Having lost his parents while still a baby, he was adopted by a female ape and accepted partially by her tribe. Not all members of the tribe of apes gave him full membership into their group, which caused Tarzan grief and pain, but also equipped him with the necessary tools for survival. Beyond the immediate story of Tarzan there is an underlying story of the socioeconomic progress of man in an encapsulated span of time, as it must have actually occurred over the eons since man first appeared. Within the text of the story are numerous examples of sociological occurrences dealing with different races and indeed species of animals. Some examples are: 1. Achieved Status? A social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort. Example: Tarzan achieved the status of King of the Apes by choice and direct effort when he challenged Kerchak for leadership of the group. 2. Activity Theory? The propositions that people tend to shift gears in late middle age, and find substitutes for previous statuses, roles, and activities. Example: In the 1800s human life expectancy was not much beyond 40 or 50 years of age, therefore a young man by today's standards in his mid to late 20s would have been considered middle aged. Tarzan was in this age period when he became irritated with life as the King of the Apes and decided to abdicate his position and return to the cabin his father had built. 3. Agents of Socialization? Those persons, groups, or institutions that teach people what they need to know in order to participate in society. Example: Kala, the female ape that adopted Tarzan, and her group taught him the basics for survival and participation in society. 4. Assimilation? A process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture. Example: Alone in the jungle, Tarzan and his parents were the subordinate group. After the death of his parents Tarzan was absorbed into the dominant culture of the apes. 5. Bilateral Descent? A system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family. Example: Bilateral decent would have been impossible to trace for Tarzan had he not played in the ink from the pen his father was using to write his journal, thereby creating fingerprints. 6. Body Consciousness? A term that describes how a person perceives and feels about his or her body. Example: As a young boy Tarzan was ashamed of his body because he was not hairy like the other apes. As a man, he was glad he was not covered in hair, because Jane was not. 7. Cultural Capital? A term for people's social assets, including values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture. Example: Teaching himself to read and write English, provided Tarzan with the cul tural capital necessary to communicate with D'Arnot. 8. Cultural relativism? The belief that the behaviors and customs of a society must be viewed and analyzed within the context of its own culture. Example: A man even considering eating another man would have been ostracized and even institutionalized from others of society, had they been aware of it. In the society in which Tarzan was part, apes did not eat other apes, however they did eat men. 9. Conformity? The process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group. Example: Tarzan conformed to societal norms regarding murder by releasing the man who was attempting to force Jane to marry him. 10. Deviance? Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms. Example: Tarzan violated the cultural norms of Jane by kissing her profusely in the natural amphitheater in the jungle without a proper introduction or acquaintanceship. 11. Diffusion? The transmi ssion of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another. Example: The hunting knife belonging to John Clayton was found by

Gods, Myths and Legends in Greek Mythology

Gods, Myths and Legends in Greek Mythology The basics of Greek mythology are the gods and goddesses and their mythical history. The stories found in Greek mythology are colorful, allegorical, and include moral lessons for those who want them and puzzles to mull over for those who dont. They include profound human truths and the basics of western culture. This Introduction to Greek Mythology provides some of these background features. The Greek Gods and Goddesses Greek mythology tells stories about gods and goddesses, other immortals, demigods, monsters or other mythical creatures, extraordinary heroes, and some ordinary people. Some of the gods and goddesses are called Olympians because they ruled the earth from their thrones on Mount Olympus. There were 12 Olympians in Greek mythology, although several had multiple names. In The Beginning... According to Greek mythology, in the beginning was Chaos, and nothing more. Chaos was not a god, so much as an elemental force, a force made of itself alone and not composed of anything else. It existed from the beginning of the universe. The idea of having the principle of Chaos at the beginning of the universe is similar to and perhaps a progenitor of the New Testament idea that in the beginning was The Word. Out of Chaos spun out other elemental forces or principles, like Love, Earth, and Sky, and in a later generation, the Titans. Titans in Greek Mythology The first few generations of named forces in Greek mythology grew progressively more like humans: The Titans were the children of Gaia (Ge Earth) and Uranus (Ouranos Sky)- the Earth and Sky, and based on Mount Othrys. The Olympian gods and goddesses were children born later to one specific pair of Titans, making the Olympian gods and goddesses grandchildren of Earth and Sky. The Titans and the Olympians inevitably came into conflict, called the Titanomachy. The ten year battle of the immortals was won by the Olympians, but the Titans did leave a mark on ancient history: the giant holding the world on his shoulders, Atlas, is a Titan. The Origins of the Greek Gods Earth (Gaia) and Sky (Ouranos/Uranus), who are considered elemental forces, produced numerous offspring: 100-armed monsters, one-eyed Cyclops, and the Titans. Earth was sad because the very unpaternal Sky wouldnt let their children see the light of day, so she did something about it. She forged a sickle with which her son Cronus unmanned his father. The love goddess Aphrodite sprang up from the foam from Skys severed genitals. From Skys blood dripping on Earth sprang the spirits of Vengeance (Erinyes) also known as the Furies (and sometimes known euphemistically as the Kindly Ones). The Greek god Hermes was the great-grandson of the Titans Sky (Uranos/Ouranos) and Earth (Gaia), who were also his great-great-grandparents and his great-great-great grandparents. In Greek Mythology, since the gods and goddesses were immortal, there was no limitation on child-bearing years and so a grandparent could also be a parent. Creation Myths There are conflicting stories about the beginnings of human life in Greek mythology. The 8th century BCE Greek poet Hesiod is credited with writing (or rather first writing down) the creation story called the Five Ages of Man. This tale describes how humans fell getting further and further away from an ideal state (like paradise) and closer and closer to the toil and trouble of the world we live in. Mankind was created and destroyed repeatedly in mythological time, perhaps in an effort to get things right- at least for the creator gods who were dissatisfied with their almost godlike, almost immortal human descendants, who had no reason to worship the gods. Some of the Greek city-states had their own local origin stories about creation that pertained just to the people of that location. The women of Athens, for instance, were said to be the descendants of Pandora. Flood, Fire, Prometheus, and Pandora Flood myths are universal. The Greeks had their own version of the great flood myth and the subsequent need to repopulate the Earth. The story of the Titans Deucalion and Pyrrha has several similarities to the one appearing in the Hebrew Old Testament of Noahs ark, including Deucalion being warned of the coming disaster and the construction of a great ship. In Greek mythology, it was the Titan Prometheus brought fire to mankind and as a result, enraged the king of the gods. Prometheus paid for his crime with torture designed for an immortal: an eternal and painful occupation. To punish mankind, Zeus sent the evils of the world in a pretty package and loosed on that world by Pandora. The Trojan War and Homer The Trojan War provides the background for much of both Greek and Roman literature. Most of what we know of those terrific battles between Greeks and Trojans have been attributed to the 8th century Greek poet Homer. Homer was the most important of the Greek poets, but we do not know exactly who he was, nor whether he wrote both the Iliad and the Odyssey or even either of them. Nevertheless, Homers Iliad and Odyssey play a fundamental role in the mythology of both ancient Greece and Rome. The Trojan War began when the Trojan prince Paris won a foot race and handed Aphrodite the prize, the Apple of Discord. With that action, he started the series of events that led to the destruction of his homeland Troy, which, in turn, led to the flight of Aeneas and the founding of Troy. On the Greek side, the Trojan War led to disruption in the House of Atreus. Horrible crimes were committed by the members of this family on each other, which included Agamemnon and Orestes. In the Greek dramatic festivals, the tragedies frequently centered on one or another member of this royal house. Heroes, Villains, and Family Tragedies Known as Ulysses in the Roman version of the Odyssey, Odysseus was the most famous hero of the Trojan War who survived to return home. The war took 10 years and his return trip another 10, but Odysseus made it back safely to a family that was, oddly, still waiting for him. His story makes up the second of the two works traditionally attributed to Homer, The Odyssey, which contains more fanciful encounters with mythological characters than the more war-story Iliad. Another famous house that couldnt keep from violating major societal laws was the Theban royal house of which Oedipus, Cadmus, and Europa were important members who featured prominently in tragedy and legend. Hercules (Heracles or Herakles) was immensely popular to the ancient Greeks and Romans and continues to be popular in the modern world. Herodotus found a Hercules figure in ancient Egypt. Hercules behavior was not always admirable, but Hercules paid the price without complaint, defeating impossible odds, time and again. Hercules also rid the world of horrible evils. All Hercules tastes were superhuman, as befits the half-mortal (demigod) son of the god Zeus. Sources and Further Reading Edmunds, Lowell (ed.). Approaches to Greek Myth, Second Edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.Graf, Fritz. Greek Mythology: An Introduction. Trans: Marier, Thomas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  Rose, H.J. A Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 1956.  Woodard, Roger. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

The Democratization of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Democratization of China - Essay Example in 2011 sparked public outrage as the government was criticized sharply through blog sites in China with around 200 million followers (Ahlquist and Erik 449). The examples shows how democracy in China is being fought for at a price and they show that the country is soon to experience the independency of the civil societies thus illustrating that the countrys political regime is now facing the challenge of making China a democratic state (Liu and Dingding 41). Also, over the last few decades, academicians especially from the western countries have always used some typical terms to refer to the political situation in China where terms like authoritarian resilience, rightful resistance, and illiberal adaptation have been used to describe the countrys democratic future (Liu and Dingding 43). However, the situation is fast changing where China is now moving closer to modernization that states that economic development is the basis for democratization. Therefore, there is hope for democracy in China as this essay outlines the country’s struggle to become a pure democratic state and also the challenges that may confront the Chinese in their question to become democratic. One of the major problems with the Chinese economic geography is that resources are more concentrated on the urban areas where most of the affluent population lives (Wang 409). However, there is the imminent marginalization of the poor population who lives in the rural areas. In effect, there is an unequal distribution of resources, and this forcing the Chinese to pile pressure on the government for economic democratization (Liu and Dingding 41). The implication is that the unequal distribution of resources brings with it some political consequences where more visible inequality makes the population be disconnted with the political situation. On the other hand, inequality has become a significant political issue in China as more rural dwellers are moving to cities to access apartment buildings,

Letter to senate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to senate - Essay Example As a senator, if you choose to support the idea it would be very close to committing political suicide. It is strongly suggested that you vote against the notion of a national ID card. The supporters of the national ID card may suggest that it would decrease the chances of terrorism and would make official government business easier to conduct. However, it must be understood that terrorism is not prevented by easily falsified documents (no matter how difficult to duplicate they may be). It is stopped by effective security measures and the sacrifices made by hardworking men and women out to stop it with positive intelligence gathering and old fashioned detective work. On the issue of making matters easier for the government bureaucracy, identity itself is currently verified in all instances where it needs to be done. Adding another layer or requirement to identity documents would only complicate matters while being a significant expense for the government that tries to issue cards to millions of Americans. Overall, having a national ID card is not only an unworkable idea, it is also a dangerous one in political as well as social terms as it would create a lot of difficulties for those who demand the simplest of rights to their privacy i.e. the right to be left alone (Garrett, 2001). A senator who values the rights of the people would certainly vote against any such plans to impose a document which does nothing to improve matters but does a lot to harm anyone who desires not to be engaged in

Motorcycle Helmet Laws in America Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle Helmet Laws in America Essay Motorcycle are not the safest means of transportation but millions of people all across America choose them over automobile for the trill, speed and high performance capabilities they offer in fraction of the price of a automobile. Motorcycle do not provide the protection like automobiles do with their outer body and safety features like air bags and seat belts, therefore in case of an accident the injury sustained by the rider is often very serious. When dealing with motorcycle accidents, majority of the fatalities are due to head injuries which could have been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. Helmets are the only method to reduce the head injuries during crashes which is the leading cause of death involving motorcycle accidents. Helmet use law has created a lot of controversies over the years, while some supporting the law and other opposing it. One side who support the law believe that the helmet law protects the motorcyclist from danger in case of an accident and save the nation a good deal of money. While, the other side believes that the law is unconstitutional and it violets their right to freedom. Although helmet cannot prevent motorcycle accidents but greatly reduces the number of deaths caused by head injuries during these crashes as well as helps in lowering taxes, insurance cost and health care cost. According to the federal government estimates, the number of deaths on motorcycle per mile in 2006 was 35 times higher than in automobile. In last couple of years motorcycle deaths have seen considerable increase- more than doubling in 2007 from the record low in 1997. In contrast the passenger occupant death reached a record low in 2007. This paper examines the history of motorcycle helmet use law and also the current state of the law. It also tries to highlight the burden that accident involving riders not wearing helmet impose on the society and also the effect of helmet law on helmet use. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF MOTORCYCLE HELMET LAW: The motorcycle helmets laws in United States has gone through several changes throughout the years. In 1967, in order to increase the helmet use, the federal government required the state government to enact helmet use laws to qualify for certain federal safety program and highway construction fund. The federal incentives was a success and by early 1970s almost all the states had universal helmet laws which covered all the riders of all ages and experience. 1968, Michigan became the first state to repel its laws. This lead to a series of repeal, re-enactment, and amendment of motorcycle helmet laws. In 1976, US Department of transportation (DOT) moved in to assess the financial penalties on states without helmet laws but the congress corresponded to state pressure and stopped DOT from assessing financial penalties on states without helmet laws. By 1980, several states had repealed their helmet laws and some weakened their laws to cover riders under the age of 18 but not older riders. In the 1980s and early 1990, several states reinstated helmet laws applying for all riders. In the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, several incentives were created by the congress for the states to enact helmet use and safety belt use laws. The eligibility criteria for receiving special safety grants was that the state must enact both the laws. Up to 3 percent of federal highway allotment was redirected to highway safety program for all the states that did not enact the laws by October 1993. But again after four years of establishing the incentive program ,congress revised itself. In the fall of 1995, federal sanction against the states without helmet use laws was lifted which paved the way for state to repeal helmet use laws. This lead to many states weakening its helmet use laws. Now 20 states and District of Columbia have helmet laws covering all riders and 27 states have partial helmet use law covering some riders (usually riders under the age of 18). Illinois and Iowa do not have any helmet use laws. PRESENT HELMET LAW STATUS: [pic] NO HELMET LAW: |NO HELMET LAW (2 STATES) | |ILLINOIS |IOWA | PARTIALLY FREE: |AGE REQUIREMENT – PARTIALLY FREE (27 STATES) | |15 UNDER |18 UNDER |19 UNDER |21 UNDER | | | | | | |MAINE |ALASKA |DELAWARE |ARKANSAS | | |ARIZONA | |KENTUCKY | | |COLORADO | |RHODE ISLAND | | |CONNECTICUT | |SO. CAROLINA | | |HAWAII | |TEXAS | | |IDAHO | |PENNSYLVANIA | | |INDIANA | | | | |KANSAS | | | | |MINNESOTA | | | | |NEW HAMPSHIRE | | | | |NEW MAXICO | | | | |NORTH DAKOTA | | | | |OHIO | | | | |OKLAHOMA | | | | |SOUTH DAKOTA | | | | |UTAH | | | AGE REQUIREMENT INSURANCE: |AGE REGUIREMENT + INSURANCE (1 STATE PARTIALLY FREE) | |21 OVER | |FLORIDA | MANDATORY LAW: | | |MANDATORY HELMET LAWS (20 STATES) | |ALABAMA |MASSACHUSETTS |TENNESSE |NEBRASKA | |CALIFORNIA |MICHIGAN |VERMONT |NEW YORK | |GEORGIA |MISSISSIPPI |VIRGINIA |NEW JERSEY | |LOUISIANA. |MISSOURI |WASHINGTON |NORTH CAROLINA | |MARYLAND |NEBRASKA |W. VIRGINIA |OREGON | | | | | | | | | | | HOW DO HELMET LAWS AFFECT HELMET USE: Based on various studies of states enactment, repel and weakening of helmet laws, it was observed that the helmet use reached 100 percent when all the riders were required to wear helmet at all times compared to 50 percent when there was no law or law applied to only some riders. In 2008, according to NHTSA, 97 percent of the riders were observed wearing helmets in states with universal helmet laws compared to 90 percent in 2002. In states without universal helmet law the use of helmet was 52 percent in 2002 and 54 percent in 2008. Based on helmets judged to be compliant with federal safety regulations, use was 73 percent in 2002 and went up to 78 percent in 2008 among motorcyclists in states with universal helmet laws. It rose from 46 to 50 percent among motorcyclists in states without such laws. HOW DO HELMET LAW EFFECT MOTORCYCLIST DEATH AND INJURIES: In states which either reinstates or enacted saw a considerable increase in motorcycle helmet use and motorcycle death and injuries decreased drastically. Whereas the states which repealed or weakened their existing helmet law saw a great increase in motorcycle death and injuries and considerable decrease in helmet use. According to two studies published in 2007 and 2008, motorcyclist fatality rates were modelled based on helmet law type, after controlling for various factors such as per capita income, population density, and annual precipitation. It was observed that the states which had helmet law covering all riders had lowest death rates. Further on, the states which had helmet law covering only some riders had low death rate compared to states with no helmet law, but not as low as the states with universal helmet law. These results held for all three types of rates considered: deaths per 10,000 registered motorcycles, deaths per 100,000 population, and deaths per 10 billion vehicle miles traveled. Some examples of helmet law and its effect on death and injuries:   California enacted universal helmet law on January 1, 1992. The number of motorcycle fatalities decreased 37 percent to 327 in 1992 from 523 in 1991.   Nebraska reinstated a helmet law on January 1, 1989 after repealing an earlier law in 1977. The state saw 22 percent reduction in serious head injuries due to motorcycle crashes.   From 1968 to 1977, Texas had a universal helmet use law estimated to have saved 650 lives, but the law was amended in 1977 to apply only to riders younger than 18. The weakened law coincided with a 35 percent increase in motorcyclist fatalities. Texas reinstated its helmet law for all motorcyclists in September 1989. The month before the law took effect, the helmet use rate was 41 percent. The rate jumped to 90 percent during the first month of the law and had risen to 98 percent by June 1990. Serious injury crashes per registered motorcycle decreased 11 percent. But in September 1997, Texas again weakened its helmet law, requiring helmets only for riders younger than 21. Helmet use in Texas dropped to 66 percent by May 1998, and operator fatalities increased 31 percent in the first full year following the repeal.   Kentucky repealed its universal helmet law in 1998, followed by Louisiana in 1999. These actions resulted in lower helmet use, and quickly increased motorcyclist deaths in these states by 50 percent and 100 percent, respectively. In 2000, Floridas universal helmet law was weakened to exempt riders 21 and older who have at least $10,000 of medical insurance coverage. An Institute study found that the motorcyclist death rate in Florida increased by about 25 percent after the state weakened its helmet law. A study of the Florida law change by NHTSA found a similar effect; motorcyclist deaths per 10,000 motorcycle registrations increased 21 percent during the two years after the law was changed compared with the two years before. IMPACT OF HELMET LAW ON MOTORCYCLE THEFT: Helmet law has also resulted in decline in reduction in motorcycle theft as potential robbers may not have an access to helmet and not wearing helmet will attract police notice. According to Texas department of public safety, motorcycle theft decreased 44 percent between 1988 and 1998 in 19 cities after enactment of universal helmet law. After enactment of helmet law by Great Britain, motorcycle theft feel 24 percent in London. The Netherlands saw 36 percent drop in motorcycle theft after it enacted helmet laws in 1975. In 1980, when on the spot fine was introduced in former West Germany, motorcycle theft plummeted 60 percent. IMPACT OF HELMET ON HEALTH CARE COST: Unhelmeted riders have higher health care costs as a result of their crash injuries, and many lack health insurance. In November 2002, NHTSA reported that 25 studies of the costs of injuries from motorcycle crashes consistently found that helmet use reduced the fatality rate, probability and severity of head injuries, cost of medical treatment, length of hospital stay, necessity for special medical treatments, and probability of long-term disability. A number of studies examined the question of who pays for medical costs. Only slightly more than half of motorcycle crash victims have private health insurance coverage. For patients without private insurance, a majority of medical costs are paid by the government. According to specific findings of several studies: 1996 NHTSA study found that inpatient hospital charges were 8 percent higher for riders without helmets compared to riders wearing helmets.   Various studies shows that the health care cost associated with head injured motorcyclist decline after the introduction of helmet use law in 1994 by the state of California. The rate of motorcyclist hospitalized for head injuries decreased by 48 percent in 1993 compared with 1991 and the total cost of patients with head injuries decreased by $20. 5 million during this period. †¢ After reinstatement of helmet law by Nebraska, study showed that there has been 38 percent decline in total acute medical charges for injured motorcyclist. A NHTSA evaluation of the weakening of Floridas universal helmet law in 2000 to exclude riders 21 and older who have at least $10,000 of medical insurance coverage found a huge increase in hospital admissions of cyclists with injuries to the head, brain, and skull. Such injuries went up 82 percent during the 30 months immediately following the law change. The average inflation-adjusted cost of treating these injuries went up from about $34,500 before the helmet law was weakened to nearly $40,000 after. Less than one-quarter of the injured motorcyclists would have been covered by the $10,000 medical insurance requirement for riders who chose not to use helmets. Various studies conducted in Nebraska, California, Washington and Massachusetts indicates that taxpayers are burdened by injured motorcyclist. From January 1988 to January 1990, 41 percent motorcyclist injured in Nebraska lacked health insurance or received Medicaid or Medicare. In Seattle, public fund paid 63 percent of trauma care for injured motorcyclist in 1985. In Sacramento, 82 percent of the costs to treat orthopaedic injuries sustained by motorcyclists during 1980-83 was paid by public fund. Forty-six percent of motorcyclists treated at Massachusetts General Hospital during 1982-83 were uninsured. MOTORCYCLE HELMET LAW ISSUES: Motorcyclist often feel that helmet use law violets their right of freedom. They believe that the rider should have the freedom to decide the use of helmet. According to various motorcycle groups, helmet use law reduces riding which in turn results in less death rates in motorcycle crashes which the government uses to confuse people about the safety benefits of helmet. Many motorcyclist have gone to the court objecting the law. In 1972, a federal court told a motorcyclist who objected to the law: â€Å"The public has an interest in minimizing the resources directly involved. From the moment of injury, society picks the person up off the highway; delivers him to a municipal hospital and municipal doctors; provides him with unemployment compensation if, after recovery, he cannot replace his lost job; and, if the injury causes permanent disability, may assume responsibility for his and his familys subsistence. We do not understand a state of mind that permits plaintiff to think that only he himself is concerned. † This decision was affirmed by the US Supreme Court. RECCOMENDATIONS TO INCREASE HELMET USE: Law makers should look into other means to increase use of motorcycle helmets other then law. Public campaign to encourage helmet use would greatly reduce the law enforcement cost also restriction to one’s own freedom felt by some riders. But the chances of achieving results through these method is minimal. Subsidies on helmet purchase can shift part of the cost from riders to general public by providing federal money to the motorcyclist purchasing helmets. Subsidies would not motivate riders who value their freedom and convenience over the benefits helmet use. Motorcyclist using helmet should be charged lower insurance premium compared to riders not using helmet to encourage helmet use. This difference in insurance premium would encourage un-helmeted rider to use helmet and other safety gear in order to reduce their premium. When novice riders take rider education course, more emphasis should be laid on the importance of helmet use and not just only the basic operating skills. If they understand the use of safety gear and helmet at early age, it might affect their choice later in their life. Motorcyclist who fail to wear a helmet and sustain head injuries could be denied compensation for injury and damages. however, it would become difficult for the court to determine on case to case basis in which compensation would be denied as head injuries are sustained when helmet are worn. Various studies have showed that when helmet use is not mandatory, 50% of all riders wear helmet but when it is mandatory nearly 100% riders use helmet. So, the only way to increase helmet is to enact universal helmet law in all the states of United States of America. REFERENCES: www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov www. iihs. org www. nhtsa. dot. org.

Crime And Punishment Dream Ana Essay -- essays research papers

Dreams of Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dreams are windows into peoples sub conscience and their true emotions and gives important clues to emotional disturbances. Sigmund Freud, the first person to systematically study dreams, said that desires are revealed in the form of dreams. Freud said that dreams gratify those desires which that a person would never express while awake. Psychiatrists today tend to view dreams as attempts to solve problems rather than as the fulfillment of unconscious desires. Whatever dreams are, they gratify a physiological and psychological need of humans. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolinov manifests guilt itself in a dream in which Ilya Petrovich mercilessly beats his landlady. This dream is a vision into Raskolinov’s emotional disturbances and signifies resentment and fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raskolinov’s dreams are continual conflicts between his dark and hateful mind and his conscience. His mind drives him to murder and inflates his ego to make him feel as an â€Å"extraordinary man.† On the other hand, his conscience struggles to hinder these violent motives. Raskolinov’s mind is at battle with itself in a conflict of morals and corruption that is manifested into the dream of the mare. Dostoevsky uses the dream as evidence of Raskolinov’s psychic illness. Raskolinov can be identified as all of the characters in his dream: Mikolka, the jeering crowd, the beaten horse, and the innocent child. Raskolinov’s confusion and obvio...

Keinan Abdi Warsame (K’Naan) an Unsung Hero!

Courage is being able to have the mental strength along with the ability to understand that you have a moral obligation to face your fears, danger and with stand any difficulties in life no matter how they are presented to you. My historian with courage is K’naan who is a poet, singer, songwriter, rapper and an instrumentalist. His birth name is Keinan Abdi Warsame and he was born on February 1, 1978 in Mogadishu, Somalia. In 1991 he experienced the beginning of the Somali Civil War. He had to witness his family members and friends fall victim to the war.K’naan had also played a short role in the war by participating in the gun violence. He felt (like many others) if you don’t participate, you will die. He has faced need death, from being shot at and walking through bomb mined fields. His mother was able to legally flee with him and his siblings to Canada, only to continue witnessing the minor life styles of the war that was brought over sees. He felt that he had to do something about this dire situation and began to rap to express this need. In 1999 he challenged the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in regards to its failed aid missions to Africa (in particularly Somalia).In 2010 his song â€Å"Waving Flag† became the anthem for FIFA World Cup game and video game, which was extremely important for him because it was held in Africa. He has been joined by many artists from around the world in issues varying from the wars in Africa, the Haitian earthquake of 2009, and child abduction/slavery through his song â€Å"Fatima†. In 2011 he was given a special recognition from former President Bill Clinton for his global ambassador work. You have the power to stop someone from being hurt or to show them that they are thought of.

mentorship reflection - 2900 Words

This is my reflective account of my performance as a mentor in a clinical setting, assessing the learning environment and the strategies used for teaching and assessing a newly qualified theatre nurse. The purpose of this essay is to reflect upon aspects of my professional practice and development that I have encountered during my time as a student mentor. This reflective essay shall be written in the first person, In accordance with the NMC (2002) Code Of Professional Conduct, Confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been changed to protect identity. I have been teaching students and newly qualified theatre practitioners as a registered ODP for more than 10 years and as a SODP for one year. Working with†¦show more content†¦Basic techniques from effective surgical hand washing to scrubbing for a minor procedure, may be most efficiently and effectively taught in the four stage procedure based on the work of Peyton. The learner can go from a unconscious incompetence (where they do not know the procedure), through conscious incompetence (where they realise what they do not know), to conscious competence (when they begin to understand and carry out the task to the required standard). The final phase to unconscious competence is achieved through experience until the task becomes a habit or routine (Immenroth, M, 2007). These stages allow the learner to quickly progress through the first three of the four levels of learning. It is essential during the first 3 stages of skills training that the procedure is carried out on each occasion in as close as possible to a uniform manner, without any bad practice in the demonstration of the skill, the explanation by the trainer or the description by the trainee. 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