Teaching Reading Skills With Computer Assisted Language...

Teaching Reading Skills with Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) CALL or Computer Assisted Language Learning is known as the area of applied linguistics concerned with the use of computers for teaching and learning a second language or foreign language (Chapel and Jamieson, 2008). Computers have been used for educational purposes since mid-1960s with the work of Suppes, Atkinson, and their colleagues (National Reading Panel, 2006). However, up to 2006, there were still relatively few numbers of research concerning the incorporation of computers or other technologies in education especially in the area of reading according to the panel. They noted that it was probably because technology had not become a main topic for many reading researchers at that time, and because it was often believed that reading could only be taught by a human. However, even though there were only few research on the subject, the panel concluded based on their analysis toward several researches that it is possible to use computer technology for reading instruction; and the u se of computers for teaching reading can be a good alternative, especially with the development of multimedia computers nowadays. For second language or foreign language learners, developing reading ability is important in learning the language. However, it can also be a challenging process because they have to decode the text, try to understand the words, and comprehend the text all at once (Samuels, 2006). Therefore, itShow MoreRelatedStudent At Risk And With Disabilities1400 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes toward school, grades, computer skills, standardized test scores, and teacher evaluations using the Apple Classroom of Tomorrow (ACOT) program. Subjects were at-risk seventh grade students. Results showed that the CAI group was successful in math and reading compared to the control group. However, they reported that some academic achievements were lost and students remained at risk because of lack of on-going computer use and limited access to computer lab after the two- year experimentRead MoreConstructivism and Connectivism as Theories of Learning Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesEducational technology is an umbrella term that includes many types of technologies such as computer softwares,the internet, I pads , iPods, and mobiles. By using the internet , learners are exposed to an amazing world. This world contains new branches of technology such as social networks including Twitter ,and Facebook, ,Wikis ,Blogs, and Rss.We have knowledge explosion. By using technology in learning ,learning processes have improved. Learners interact with technology rather than a teacher orRead MoreIs Computer Assisted Language Learning ( Call ) Will Improve Foreign Language?1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe research presented in this article seeks to determine if Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) will improve foreign language learning versus an in-class curriculum setting. A numerous amount of current research examines CALL and its impact on non-native English speakers learning English as a foreign language. However, this study will focus on expanding the research further through the examination of three different foreign languages, ranked from easiest to hardest, that will be studied by nativeRead MoreMajor Trends in 21st Century in Esl1029 Words   |  5 PagesMajor trends in 21st century ESL language teaching Teaching students to be literate is a high educational priority throughout the world. Though this area is one of our greatest priorities, it is also one of our greatest challenges. The classroom environment has changed from many years ago. Teachers face the challenges of a large population who do not speak English and have high transient rates. For this large population, becoming proficient in a new language is a very difficult transition. ThisRead MoreThe Value Of Computer Assisted Language Learning1672 Words   |  7 Pageshas widely affected every domain in human life in the last decades. Hence, using the computer has become an important tool in the teaching and learning process. It plays a remarkable role in learning and teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Therefore, it is very important to prepare the new generations with the computers and its applications. Thus, the value of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has been increased in the education. It has helped solve many problems of studentsRead MoreEssay on How To Effectively Teach Students With Learning Disabilities864 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively teach students with learning disabilities and meet the lesson plan objectives. I will explore three potential issues that currently exist in the educational system and how an action research plan would prove beneficial. Research Topic Literature Exploration Problem Statement The problem is children with learning disorders often exhibit anger management and problem solving skills. How can art based education be beneficial to students with learning disabilities control anger and learnRead MoreEnglish As Second Language Learning776 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant role in English as second language learning process. For the majority of English as Second Language(ESL) learners, the ultimate goal of learning the language is to understand (read and listen) and communicate (write and speak) with little difficulty and the lack of sufficient vocabulary may be the constraint of such goal (Folse, 2004). As the bedrock of English and as well as language, vocabulary also facilitates the development of other language skills: lexical richness leads to the progressRead MoreVocabulary Acquisition Through Audio-Video Aids3146 Words   |  13 Pagesnumber of advantages using computers and multimedia for second language instruction. Vocabulary plays an important part in second language acquisition and academic achievement. The role that vocabulary knowledge plays in second and foreign language acquisition has long been neglected. However, vocabulary is currently receiving increased emphasis in the language teaching curriculum. This paper will focus on various possibilities to enhance vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension with the helpRead MoreEssay on Computer Aided Language Learning (CALL)584 Words   |  3 PagesThrough the last several courses, several areas have been reviewed and considered for research. The main area in which I am focusing on at this time is the area of computer aided language learning (CALL). Specifically, I am interested in the literacy development of second language learners. However, I am also aware that there is significant resistance from many teachers to integrate the technology in its entirety and there is also resistance from parents. From the student’s point of view, I thinkRead MoreLeveraging Co mputer Technology for Literacy Instruction in the Classroom2385 Words   |  10 PagesComputer-Based Reading Programs for At-Risk Learners Children with disabilities face a variety of challenges when learning to read. Some students experience processing disorders, some have auditory or visual deficits, still others have gross or fine motor disabilities. Computer technology is adept at addressing all of these issues by the nature of its flexible and extensible application. As a relatively low-cost solution for providing specialized instruction, integrating computer technology is

National Infrastructure Protection Plan Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Most small and rural airports fail to undertake regular drills, have limited stakeholder collaboration, limited participation and community involvement, inadequate resources such as medical aid and marine rescue, and much insufficiencies and inadequacies on regulation adherence. Even though small and private airports are normally prepared for some emergencies in various aspects, they still need to do much. Subsequently, in order to enhance risk resilience and disaster preparedness and recovery, the airports need to allocate more resources, conduct continuous public and staff awareness trainings, undertake regular drills, address staff welfare concerns, strengthen interagency coordination, ensure adherence to set standards and regulations, decentralize decision making, improve navigation, and establish aerodrome owned marine unit (Scalingi, 2007). The primary goal of emergency response efforts in airports is to promote and foster the establishment and development of efficient, safe, environmentally compatible, and dependable air transportation system. However, the multimodal and interconnected systems including aviation are still vulnerable to various natural risks and disasters. For example, it is estimated that there is a 99 percent chance of earthquake experience in California within the next 30 years. It is therefore expected that the airports of such like states play a critical role in disaster recovery and response efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on National Infrastructure Protection Plan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Today, the majority of transportation disaster planning focus on restoration of surface transport systems, however, the relationship between surface transport and airports is very crucial during the disaster recovery phase, this is due the alternate usage by passengers, for example, destinations that can be reached via surface transport and air transport, passengers can choose to go by planes or vehicle, hence both systems need adequate disaster recovery systems (U. Department of Homeland Security, 2009).

Essay on Impact of Film and Television 1950’s to Present

Impact of Film and Television: 1950’s to Present Today, Film and Television are among the most internationally supported commodities. Financially, their contributions are enormous: both industries are responsible for the circulation of billions of dollars each year. Since their respective explosions into the new media markets during the mid-twentieth century, film and television have produced consistently growing numbers of viewers and critics alike. Sparking debate over the nature of their viewing, film and television are now being questioned in social, political, and moral arenas for their potential impact on an audience. Critics claim that watching films or television is a passive activity in which the viewer becomes subconsciously†¦show more content†¦Greater emotional and intellectual responses surface as foreign issues become closer to home from an instant access to news. As the public receives such unbiased information, it can make more informed decisions, and has a better chance to affect change. (At this time, tel evision and film are the most powerful catalysts for social change.) Thus it can be argued that film and television productions help to create positive social changes, promote multiculturalism and diversity, and create a common cultural identity among viewers. Unfortunately, this utopian argument doesn’t account for the countless studies correlating film and television viewing to perpetuated hate and stereotyping, and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Declining SAT scores and library check-outs over the decades have lead critics to believe that film and television are aiding in the international dumbification effort, in which individuals are losing the ability to think without direction. This phenomenon is closely related to the more recent couch potato syndrome, in which laziness, lack of physical fitness and a passive attitude combine, producing the ultimate unhealthy lifestyle that is currently sweeping the majority of modern America. More important, however, are the two great faults of film and television. First, film and television establish falseShow MoreRelatedThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social p aranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. These films navigate not only narrative based issues such as the threat of aliensRead MoreChanges Of Australian Pop Culture1912 Words   |  8 PagesAustralian Pop Culture 1945 to the present During 1945 to the present there has been many changes in Australian pop culture, these areas of pop culture include Film, television, radio, music, fashion, sport and communication. Popular Culture refers to the beliefs, attitudes and lifestyles shared by a group of people. Film: Film in Australia has a large part of the Australian lifestyle and has had many major changes in Popular Culture from 1945 to the present. The first film to be released was the NedRead MoreHomosexual Roles And Its Effect On Society1597 Words   |  7 Pagesrights. With this change, many homosexual themes and characters are prominently occurring across global cinema and television. With the recent legalisation of same-sex marriage in the UK and in the USA, we’re seeing a push for equality, acceptance and predominantly, normality. However, these views are rarely being reflected in modern or mainstream cinema. These films habitually present themselves with a lack of diverse stories or representation, with many of them sinking into the similar tropes andRead MoreThe Social World1413 Words   |  6 PagesSexualisation of the social world has become a very prominent social issue since the early 90’s. It has affected many influential individuals in devastating ways such as that of eating disorders, body image issues and mental illnesses. This essay will explore sociological explanations to understand and draw conclusions on why the sexualisation of culture has and continues to occur today. I will explore feminism and how it has influenced sexualisation of culture today and how pornography has influencedRead MoreTv Representation of Families and Society - 1950s to Present2420 Words   |  10 PagesReport On TV Families The television shows from 1950 to the present are connected in many ways. The characters showed in the 1950s television show called Leave It To Beaver all have white coloured skin and portrayed as a happy, perfect family. As the decades increased, the nuclear families turned into blended families, and the television shows started to have coloured characters. The families started to have problems and social situations. The viewer sees the conflicts inside the family begin asRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Marketing And Marketing1705 Words   |  7 Pagescontextually in a motion picture, television, or other media vehicle for commercial purposes â€Å"(Williams, Petrosky, Hernandez Page, Jr P 2). â€Å"To catch consumers’ attention, advertisers have adapted a new way of promoting brands and products, called product placement†(Kwon P 1). There are many definitions for product placement in general, but the simple one was released by Ferraro and Avery which is â€Å"product placement: the inclusion of brands in movies or television scripts† (Kwon P 1). AnotherRead MoreThe Point Of Theatre And Motion Picture Technology1581 Words   |  7 Pagesevent out of ordinary material right in front of an audience s eyes. Where the germ of the idea came from is pretty much irrelevant. What matters to every theatre maker, I know, is speaking clearly to the audience right now. † This quote by English playwright and screenwriter, Lee Hall, from an essay he published in the Times of London, is central to the connection between theatre and motion picture technology. Since the rise of film in the early twentieth century, these elements have been influencingRead MoreMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: â€Å"Easy Rider† was a significant film because its success helped start a new Hollywood phase of filmmaking in the early 1970s. Films like â€Å"Duel in The Sun†, and â€Å"Red River† are what preceded films like â€Å"Easy Rider†. These films came into being and were financially successful because they temporarily relieved the fears aroused by a recognition of social and political conflicts. While studios suffered through a box-office slump from 1947 to 1968, the western proved to be a consistently ifRead MoreMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: â€Å"Easy Rider† was a significant film because its success helped start a new Hollywood phase of filmmaking in the early 1970s. Films like â€Å"Duel in The Sun†, and â€Å"Red River† are what preceded films like â€Å"Easy Rider†. These films came into being and were financially successful because they temporarily relieved the fears aroused by a recognition of social and political conflicts. While studios suffered through a box-office slump from 1947 to 1968, the western proved to be a consistently ifRead MoreMedia and Feminine Beauty1497 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mass Media such as films, advertisements and magazines are the huge influence on the definition of feminine beauty. From watching movie to passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces and bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by

Case Study on Natural Disasters-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about then Case Study of Literature Review on the Topic "How to control Tsunamis, sea underwater Earthquake". Answer: Purpose of the Case Study Tsunamis are a major cause of destruction to human lives. It causes unprecedented damage to life and properties. The coastal areas are the worst affected and large scale Tsunamis completely destroys the low lying coastal areas. The purpose of the following case study is to find out the potential solutions to reduce the impact of Tsunamis. Scope of the Case Study The following case study has a huge scope as it deals with a sensitive issue like Tsunami. The case study will discuss all the potential solutions of reducing the impact of tsunamis. The case study will act as a proper source for the future studies. Best Practices The case study has a significant impact on the target audience. It will help the readers to have a basic idea related to Tsunamis. The case study also throws light on some of the unknown facts about tsunami and underwater quakes. The use of charts and some figures has helped to make the case study a compact one. Problems Tsunamis occur when a powerful earthquake occurs in the ocean. It is caused by the movement of the oceanic plates and generally leads to the formation of huge sea waves that can cause havoc to the coastal areas. It can completely destroy the areas adjacent to the sea and leaves no sign of population. A number of Tsunamis have happened till day and the numbers are increasing. One of the recent such instances being the large Tsunami of Indian Ocean that claimed more than two lakh lives and destroyed the landmass and the vegetation. However the most active Tsunami range which is called the ring of Fire is within the Pacific Ocean and registers the largest number of Tsunamis occurring globally. The waves created by the earthquake have unimaginable speeds of about 500 miles per hour. Advancement in technology has helped to calculate the Tsunamis accurately and efficiently. The researcher has prepared a case study on the precautionary measures that can be affected to stop Tsunamis. However stooping them is practically impossible but technology and better measures can help to decrease the amount of loss to a substantial level. Analysis of Alternatives As mentioned earlier it is practically impossible to stop the occurrence of Tsunami or under water seaquakes. But it is possible to reduce the negative effects and impacts of the organization by adopting some selected strategies (Abdolali et al. 2015). The construction of artificial structures can help the low lying coastal areas to prevent themselves from tsunamis, but they are believed to be not friendly to the environment. The scientists who have been researching on the following have developed different procedures to counter such a destructive force of the globe. The case study will discuss the recommended solutions to the problems faced while tsunamis occur. It will also mention the different solutions to counter such a deadly force. Recommended Solutions Artificial Methods The huge economic cost and loss of Human lives due to Tsunamis have been a major cause of worry for the nations as they are being pushed to economic crisis. Every year the vulnerable countries spend more than 500 million dollars to restructure everything destroyed. The advancement of Science and Technology is gradually playing an advanced role to counter the destructive force of nature. Different countries have joined hands and have created programmes to develop and implement information and communication technologies, Geographical Information systems and remote sensing satellite and data. Figure No 1- Occurrence of Tsunami Source- (Sugawara et al. 2014) The countries that have large coastlines have been improving their coastal protection system for effectively tackling different natural hazards and disasters. Countries such as Australia, USA, Japan, India and many more such countries having large coastlines are improving their national emergency and early warning capabilities (Sugawara et al. 2014). There are a lot of warning systems like sirens, radio broadcasts, installation of tsunami detection machines, constant patrolling, phone messaging and many more as such. Integrated Communication technology is another recent such technology that are being implemented by first world countries to avoid unnecessary destruction of their territories. The use of an integrated communication technology has helped in the constant flow of information from one source to the other and thus it helps the organization to stay updated. The OECD countries are taking the help of weather satellites to determine the occurrence of earthquakes and Tsunamis. Th e use of satellite based observation has made the calculations more accurate and it gives ample time to prevent damage and loss of lives (Abdolali et al. 2015). The countries such as USA, Italy, Japan, India and some selected countries which are quite vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis have been upgrading their seismic surveillance networks. The occurrence of two major and many minor Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean region between the year 2004 and 2011 have prompted the authorities to set up a number of local warning centers around different countries lying in that belt (Cecioni et al. 2014). Three new regional Tsunami service provider centers were also set up in India, Australia and Indonesia to add further warning capacity before the occurrence of Tsunami. Figure No 2- Tsunami Warning Centers across the World Source- (Barrow 2014) COUNTRIES MEASURES Australia, Canada, Columbia, India, Turkey, USA Improved Seismic Surveillance Methods Australia, Colombia, India, Indonesia Improved Tsunami Early Warning and Monitoring System Australia, Austria, Netherlands, France Improved Telephone based Information system Table No 1- Measures Taken By Different Countries Source- (As created by the Author) The Global Observing System of The World Meteorological organization updates the users with the situation of the oceanic surfaces every minute. The observations help in the preparation of weather reports and describe the weather advisories and early warnings. The total system is based on the observations of the different local and regional centers, satellite observations, reporting ships and aircrafts that patrol around the sea. The countries that take the use of such technology include India, China, Japan, South Korea and the United States. The advanced scientific technology helps in the accurate prediction of the natural disasters especially Tsunamis (Cecioni et al. 2014). Figure No 3- Rise in the Number of Tsunamis Source- (As Created by the Author) The Tsunami Alarm System is one of the latest but a complex technology that is installed by almost each and every country that have a constant threat from Tsunami (Barrow 2014). The system is interconnected globally with different early warning centers and thus receives a signal immediately once there is an underwater earthquake in the ocean floor. The receiving center in turn is connected with the different telephones and the users receive a warning message immediately and are thus warned against the possible occurrence of the Tsunami. The Center also ensures that the message does not go unnoticed and thus it sends 3 back to back SMS to catch the attention of the users. The Tsunami alarm system works everywhere in the world and enjoys an uninterrupted flow of information (Abdolali et al. 2015). Countries such as USA and other developed countries have pre-installed such warning systems in the mobile handsets of the service users. The advanced technology of the system also allows the tourists to use the system. A recent research on how to stop Tsunamis has been conducted by a group of professors of Cardiff University. Professor Usama Kadri, one of the team members of the research describes that Tsunamis can be checked at an early stage by firing deep ocean sound waves that hit the earths shoreline. The professors term these waves as Acoustic- Gravity- Waves that are naturally occurring sound waves that moves below the oceans and can go deep inside the oceanic surface. The researchers have cited that if there is a technology that can engineer these waves, they can be used to fire below the oceans surface during the occurrence of Tsunamis. He terms it challenging to engineer the waves into the water. The technology can help save lots of lives and property of the countries in the coastal areas (Admire et al. 2014). Figure No 4- AGW Mitigation of Tsunami Source- (Admire et al. 2014) A new technology has been developed by a group of scientists of Georgia Technology School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. The school has developed a new technology named RTerg that is claimed to accurately predict the approach of Tsunamis. This technology once implemented will help in the reduction of the loss of human lives and property. The system has been based on a chain of algorithms to generate the type of tsunami and the eventual destruction it can cause. Once the Tsunami occurs a auto generated message is received from the Tsunami center and accurately provides all the information related to the occurrence and magnitude of the Tsunami. It will also help to calculate the exact time by which the Tsunami will strike the land. Therefore it will be easier for the authorities to evacuate the people and take them to safe places. These innovative technologies are key to the detection of the tsunami and extensive research must be carried out until and unless the desired results are not met. Natural Methods (Case Study of Japan) Nowadays some countries have been stressing on some natural methods to stop the destructive force of Tsunami. The use of advanced technical methods are limited to the early warning systems which is capable of saving lives but it fails to save properties and lands from the grasp of giant sea waves. Once the water reseeds these lands which were once cultivated loses its fertility and is unable to produce vegetation (Wei et al. 2015). The countries have started planting large trees in the coastal areas to stop the effect of Tsunamis. Forest is believed to be effective for a number of reasons namely; Stops driftwood and floating of materials. Reduces the velocity of water. Helps to save lives as people can catch hold of the trees from getting overflowed. It helps to create sand dunes that act as natural barriers to large waves. Mangroves especially help to block tsunamis. Pine Forests in Japan have helped to reduce the impact of Tsunamis for a long time. It has been observed that Pine forests with diameters of 10 cm are able to resist tsunamis up to 4.64 meters (Komjathy et al. 2016). The calculation thus applies to the forests and if such an advanced natural method is maintained as has been the case in Japan large disasters can be avoided. The use of such advanced natural methods by the country is tried and tested and has helped to reduce damages in the country. The capacity of the forest to reduce the effect of tsunami is estimated by the use of fluid dynamics. It measures the hydrodynamic relationship of a liquid that moves along the vegetation, requires various parameters that measure the resistance of forests to Tsunamis. Some of the key factors that are learnt from the calculation are volumetric occupancy, drag coefficient, inertia coefficient and many more as such. Such a calculation helps to plant the trees more effectively such that it reduce s the amount of loss. Both the artificial as well as the natural measures can be the ideal forms for future precautions against Tsunamis. Implementation The countries may face problems while implementing the total systems to prevent tsunamis. It is also not possible to totally eradicate the destruction of Tsunami. As of now it is only possible to develop a highly advanced system and reduce the impacts of tsunami. The early borne control system of Tsunami is highly costly which makes it quite tough for smaller nations to implement such technology. Results The case study has included most of the key elements that was needed to be covered during the preparation. Any future research which will be conducted in the coming times will surely get help from the following case study. References Abdolali, A., Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G. and Kirby, J.T., 2015. Hydro?acoustic and tsunami waves generated by the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake: Modeling and in situ measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,120(2), pp.958-971. Admire, A.R., Dengler, L.A., Crawford, G.B., Uslu, B.U., Borrero, J.C., Greer, S.D. and Wilson, R.I., 2014. Observed and modeled currents from the Tohoku-oki, Japan and other recent tsunamis in northern California.Pure and Applied Geophysics,171(12), pp.3385-3403. Barrow, C., 2014.Environmental change and human development: controlling nature?. Routledge. Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G., Romano, A., Abdolali, A., Sammarco, P. and Franco, L., 2014. Tsunami early warning system based on real-time measurements of hydro-acoustic waves.Procedia Engineering,70, pp.311-320. Di Risio, M. and Beltrami, G.M., 2014. Algorithms for automatic, real-time tsunami detection in wind-wave measurements: using strategies and practical aspects.Procedia Engineering,70, pp.545-554. Kain, C., Wassmer, P., Goff, J., Chagu?Goff, C., Gomez, C., Hart, D., Fierro, D., Jacobsen, G. and Zawadzki, A., 2017. Determining flow patterns and emplacement dynamics from tsunami deposits with no visible sedimentary structure.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,42(5), pp.763-780. Komjathy, A., Yang, Y.M., Meng, X., Verkhoglyadova, O., Mannucci, A.J. and Langley, R.B., 2016. Review and perspectives: Understanding natural?hazards?generated ionospheric perturbations using GPS measurements and coupled modeling.Radio Science,51(7), pp.951-961. Mungov, G., Ebl, M. and Bouchard, R., 2013. DART tsunameter retrospective and real-time data: a reflection on 10 years of processing in support of tsunami research and operations.Pure and Applied Geophysics,170(9-10), pp.1369-1384. Rabinovich, A.B. and Ebl, M.C., 2015. Deep-ocean measurements of tsunami waves.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(12), pp.3281-3312. Romano, F., Trasatti, E., Lorito, S., Piromallo, C., Piatanesi, A., Ito, Y., Zhao, D., Hirata, K., Lanucara, P. and Cocco, M., 2014. Structural control on the Tohoku earthquake rupture process investigated by 3D FEM, tsunami and geodetic data.Scientific reports,4. Shuto, N., 2015. TsunamisTheir Coastal Effects and Defense Works. InInternational Compendium of Coastal Engineering(pp. 55-84). Siqveland, J., Nygaard, E., Hussain, A., Tedeschi, R.G. and Heir, T., 2015. Posttraumatic growth, depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to quality of life in tsunami survivors: a longitudinal study.Health and quality of life outcomes,13(1), p.18. Sugawara, D., Goto, K. and Jaffe, B.E., 2014. Numerical models of tsunami sediment transportCurrent understanding and future directions.Marine Geology,352, pp.295-320. Wei, Y., Fritz, H.M., Titov, V.V., Uslu, B., Chamberlin, C. and Kalligeris, N., 2015. Source models and near-field impact of the 1 April 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(3-4), pp.657-682.